Assessing plant uptake and transport mechanisms of engineered nanomaterials from soil

Agricultural soils are among the depositories of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs). Soil exposure to ENMs occurs through the intentional use of nano-agrochemicals, as well as through incidental contamination from industrial-waste release, irrigation with wastewater or gray water, amendment with ENMs-l...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:MRS bulletin 2017-05, Vol.42 (5), p.379-384
Main Authors: Medina-Velo, Illya A., Peralta-Videa, Jose R., Gardea-Torresdey, Jorge L.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Agricultural engineering
Agrochemicals
Applied and Technical Physics
Bioaccumulation
Biotransformation
Cerium oxides
Characterization and Evaluation of Materials
Cucumbers
Energy Materials
Flowers & plants
Greywater
Materials Engineering
Materials Science
Membranes
Nanomaterials
Nanotechnology
Organic compounds
Potassium
Reference materials
Roots
Seeds
Sludge
Soil conditions
Soil contamination
Soils
Soybeans
System Integration of Functionalized Natural Materials
Titanium
Titanium dioxide
Wastewater
Zinc oxide
Zinc oxides
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Summary:Agricultural soils are among the depositories of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs). Soil exposure to ENMs occurs through the intentional use of nano-agrochemicals, as well as through incidental contamination from industrial-waste release, irrigation with wastewater or gray water, amendment with ENMs-loaded sludge (soil conditioning to stimulate plant growth), or atmospheric fallouts. Concerns about ENM interactions with plants raise two questions. (1) Are ENMs taken up from soil by plants? (2) If they are taken up, do they remain in the nanoform within plant tissues? Experiments with crop plants have demonstrated that some ENMs such as TiO2 are taken up by roots and translocated to aboveground tissues, including fruits, without biotransformation. CeO2 ENM is also taken up by the roots; however, although most of it remains as ENM, it releases cerium ions that are incorporated into organic compounds. CeO2 ENM has been shown to be translocated from roots to seeds in soybean grown in soil amended with such ENM. On the other hand, ZnO ENM is transformed at the soil/root interface, leading to tissue Zn enrichment. Overall, most ENMs are taken up by plants with either low or no transformation, and accumulate in tissues.
ISSN:0883-7694
1938-1425
DOI:10.1557/mrs.2017.87