PVC polymer/ZnO/NiO/Co3O4 nanocomposites: Toward improved optical properties

Undoped and doped polyvinyl chloride (PVC) with zinc, nickel and cobalt oxides, ZnO/[(1−x)NiO/xCo3O4], composites were fabricated using co‐precipitation and casting techniques. The different phases present in the nanofiller ZnO/[(1−x)NiO‐xCo3O4] mixed oxides were determined using synchrotron x‐ray d...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of vinyl & additive technology 2024-01, Vol.30 (1), p.44-58
Main Authors: El‐naggar, A. M., Heiba, Zein K., Kamal, A. M., Abd‐Elkader, Omar H., Abdellatief, M., Mohamed, Mohamed Bakr
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Cobalt oxides
Electrons
Excitation
linear and nonlinear optical
Mixed oxides
Nanocomposites
Nickel oxides
Nonlinear optics
Optical properties
Photovoltaic cells
Polymers
Polyvinyl chloride
PVC
Refractivity
Solar cells
Spectral emittance
Spectrum analysis
structure
Synchrotrons
Wavelengths
X-ray diffraction
Zinc oxide
Zinc oxides
ZnO, NiO, Co3O4
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Summary:Undoped and doped polyvinyl chloride (PVC) with zinc, nickel and cobalt oxides, ZnO/[(1−x)NiO/xCo3O4], composites were fabricated using co‐precipitation and casting techniques. The different phases present in the nanofiller ZnO/[(1−x)NiO‐xCo3O4] mixed oxides were determined using synchrotron x‐ray diffraction technique. X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis techniques were used to investigate the structure, composition, and morphology of pure and loaded PVC with nanofiller oxides. In general, compared with pure PVC, the absorbance was greatly enhanced, especially in the UV region, upon loading ZnO/[(1−x)NiO‐xCo3O4], but it changed irregularly with the cobalt oxide (Co3O4) content (x). The direct and indirect optical band gaps of pristine PVC (4.14, 4.12 eV) reduced irregularly to minimum values 3.97 and 3.23 eV respectively for the polymer doped with ZnO/[0.3NiO/0.7Co3O4]. The refractive index was enhanced in the visible and IR regions and attained its highest value for PVC doped with zinc oxide/nickel oxide (ZnO/NiO) only (x = 0.0). NiO and Co3O4 ratios affect the linear and nonlinear optical parameters. The emitted spectra from pure and doped PVC polymers with the composite oxides [ZnO/[(1−x)NiO‐xCo3O4] under different excitation wavelengths were also explored. The FL intensity enhanced for the excitation wavelengths (λexc) = 380 and 434 nm but quenched for λexc = 317 nm. The loaded polymers absorb UVA, UVB, and UVC rays and are good candidates for solar cell applications. Doped polymers absorb UVA, UVB, and UVC rays and are good solar cell absorbers. The refractive index values for doped PVC are greater than those of undoped one. Increasing the NiO and/or Co3O4 content raises the dielectric, optical conductivity and nonlinear optical. Loading PVC with ZnO/[NiO] reduces the FL intensity.
ISSN:1083-5601
1548-0585
DOI:10.1002/vnl.22028