Revealing the influence of Nb-doping on the crystal structure and electromechanical properties of (K, Bi)(Mg, Ti, Nb)O3 ceramics

Nb-modified lead-free ceramics (K 0.48 Bi 0.52 )(Mg 0.02 Ti 0.98− x Nb x )O 3 , (KBT-BMTNb x with x  = 0.00 − 0.05) were synthesized by a conventional solid-state reaction route followed by furnace cooling. The effects of Nb-doping on the structural properties and electrical properties of KBT-BMTNb...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of electroceramics 2023-10, Vol.51 (2), p.122-132
Main Authors: Zeb, Aurang, Akram, Fazli, Habib, Muhammad, Iqbal, Qamar, Ullah, Amir, Ullah, Ihsan, Ali, Nasir, Milne, S. J., Sheeraz, Muhammad, Ingram, Conrad, Iqbal, Shahid, Hussain, Fayaz, Younis, Adnan, Tho, P. T., Ahn, Chang Won
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Ceramics
Characterization and Evaluation of Materials
Chemistry and Materials Science
Composites
Crystal lattices
Crystal structure
Crystallography and Scattering Methods
Dielectric loss
Diffraction patterns
Doping
Electrical properties
Electrochemistry
Ferroelectric materials
Ferroelectricity
Glass
Grain size
Lead free
Materials Science
Natural Materials
Optical and Electronic Materials
Phase transitions
Piezoelectric actuators
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Summary:Nb-modified lead-free ceramics (K 0.48 Bi 0.52 )(Mg 0.02 Ti 0.98− x Nb x )O 3 , (KBT-BMTNb x with x  = 0.00 − 0.05) were synthesized by a conventional solid-state reaction route followed by furnace cooling. The effects of Nb-doping on the structural properties and electrical properties of KBT-BMTNb x ceramics have been investigated. The X-ray diffraction pattern indicates a mixed tetragonal and cubic phase for the pure KBT-BMTNb x ceramics. Therefore, a large piezoelectric actuator coefficient d 33 * ≈ 700 pm/V, piezoelectric sensor coefficient ( d 33 ≈ 133 pC/N) along with remnant polarization ( P r ≈ 17.5 µC/cm 2 ), maximum electromechanical strain ≈ 0.35% and maximum temperature ( T m ≈ 336 ºC) were obtained for KBT-BMTNb x . However, with Nb-doping, a compositionally driven phase transformation occurred from mixed rhombohedral and tetragonal phases to cubic phase. Because of the excess Nb-doping in the KBT-BMT ceramics, the grain size suddenly decreased, as a result, the long-range ferroelectric phase was converted into a short-range relaxor phase. Hence, a low dielectric loss tan δ ≈ 0.02 was achieved at x  = 0.02 composition. This superior dielectric performance is correlated to the crystal structure morphotropic phase boundary, optimum grain size (≈ 2 μm), maximum lattice distortion, and soft-ferroelectric effect induced by the donor doping. The main aim of recent research is to investigate P r , d 33 , d 33 * , S max, and reduced tanδ for practical applications in the real world.
ISSN:1385-3449
1573-8663
DOI:10.1007/s10832-023-00321-1