Haplotype diversity patterns in Quercus suber (Fagaceae) inferred from cpDNA sequence data

Chloroplast genome diversity in cork oak ( Quercus suber ) is characterised by the occurrence of haplotypes that are akin to those found in other Mediterranean oak species, particularly in Q. ilex and Q. rotundifolia , suggesting the possible presence of an introgressed chloroplast lineage. To furth...

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Published in:Plant systematics and evolution 2023-12, Vol.309 (6), p.42, Article 42
Main Authors: Sousa, Filipe, Viegas, Mariana Bray, Costa, Joana, Marques, Isabel, Pina-Martins, Francisco, Simões, Fernanda, Matos, José, Glushkova, Maria, Miguel, Célia, Veloso, Maria Manuela, Oliveira, M. Margarida, Ricardo, Cândido Pinto, Batista, Dora, Paulo, Octávio S.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biodiversity
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Chloroplasts
Cork
Economic importance
Genomes
Geographical distribution
Glaciation
Glaciers
Glaciology
Haplotypes
Life Sciences
Miocene
Nucleotide sequence
Oak
Phylogeny
Plant Anatomy/Development
Plant Ecology
Plant Sciences
Plant Systematics/Taxonomy/Biogeography
Quercus suber
Refugia
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Summary:Chloroplast genome diversity in cork oak ( Quercus suber ) is characterised by the occurrence of haplotypes that are akin to those found in other Mediterranean oak species, particularly in Q. ilex and Q. rotundifolia , suggesting the possible presence of an introgressed chloroplast lineage. To further investigate this pattern, we reconstructed chloroplast haplotypes by sequencing four chloroplast markers (cpDNA), sampled across 181 individuals and 10 taxa. Our analyses resulted in the identification of two diversified chloroplast haplogroups in Q. suber , corresponding to a geographically widespread lineage and an Afro-Iberian lineage. Time-calibrated phylogenetic analyses of cpDNA point to a Miocene origin of the two haplogroups in Q. suber , suggesting that the Afro-Iberian lineage was present in cork oak before the onset of glaciation periods. The persistence of the two haplogroups in the western part of the species distribution range may be a consequence of either ancient introgression events or chloroplast lineage sorting, combined with different fixation in refugia through glaciation periods. Our results provide a comprehensive insight on the origins of chloroplast diversity in these ecologically and economically important Mediterranean oaks.
ISSN:0378-2697
1615-6110
2199-6881
DOI:10.1007/s00606-023-01879-7