Challenges to Title IX: A Critical Race Perspective

Considerable progress has been made in the inclusion of girls and women in sport since the enactment of Title IX. However, racial differences in womens participation in sport remains. In more than forty years since the passage of Title IX in 1972, Black and White females have not benefited equally....

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Negro educational review 2019-01, Vol.70 (1-4), p.78-99
Main Authors: Pickett, Moneque Walker, Dawkin, Marvin P, Braddock, Jomills Henry
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Black people
Black white differences
Civil rights
Critical race theory
Enrollment
Enrollments
Females
Gender Discrimination
Gender equity
Legal Problems
Legal studies
Legal system
Males
Opportunities
Participation
Race
Race relations
Racial differences
Racial discrimination
Racial Relations
Racism
Schools
Sex discrimination
Sexism
Sports participation
Sports teams
Storytelling
Titles
White people
Women
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Summary:Considerable progress has been made in the inclusion of girls and women in sport since the enactment of Title IX. However, racial differences in womens participation in sport remains. In more than forty years since the passage of Title IX in 1972, Black and White females have not benefited equally. Black female and other minority female sport participation rates have not kept pace with the rates of White females for each decade since 1972. Furthermore, legal challenges to Title IX have not taken into account the intersection of race and gender in the fulfillment of Title IXs mandate to end gender discrimination against all women. This paper reviews the legal history of Title IX challenges through the lens of the Critical Race perspective. The cases that are reviewed have focused on: applicability issues, disparate treatment/substitution/elimination of teams, women on mens teams, and men on womens teams. Employing the subjective, narrative, legal storytelling approach of the Critical Race perspective, the authors conclude that lawsuits challenging Title IX have reflected White societys continuing omission of race in efforts to rectify longstanding problems of discrimination against women in America.
ISSN:0548-1457