Biological effects of sewage sludge – does its incorporation into agricultural soils in the state of Paraná, Brazil, represent an environmental risk?

In the state of Paraná, Brazil, calcined sewage sludge (biosolid) without remediation is used as a fertilizer in different crops, such as soybeans and corn. Evaluated the chemical composition, pathogenic potential, and toxic potential to plants and E. fetida of biosolid produced in the state. The an...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Water, air, and soil pollution air, and soil pollution, 2023-05, Vol.234 (5), p.296, Article 296
Main Authors: Filipi, Ádila Cristina Krukoski, dos Santos Gonçalves Nascimento, Gabrielle Cristina, Bressani, Patricia Aline, Oliveira, Anna Karolina Gomes, Santo, Diego Espirito, Duarte, Charla Chaionara Schultz, Gomes, Eduardo Michel Vieira, Ferreira, Paulo Michel Pinheiro, Pokrywiecki, Juan Carlos, da Silva Gonzalez, Regiane, de Souza, Fernanda Batista, Dusman, Elisângela, de Souza, Débora Cristina, Peron, Ana Paula
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Agricultural land
Allium cepa
Animals
Ascorbic acid
Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution
Biological effects
Biosolids
Catalase
Chemical composition
Chromosomes
Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts
Cucumis sativus
Earth and Environmental Science
Eisenia fetida
Environment
Environmental monitoring
Environmental risk
Fertilizers
Free radicals
Guaiacol
Hydrogeology
L-Ascorbate peroxidase
Lactuca sativa
Lipid peroxidation
Lipids
Meristems
Metals
Oxidative stress
Pathogens
Peroxidase
Peroxidation
Phytotoxicity
Reactive oxygen species
Remediation
Repellents
Residues
Sewage
Sewage sludge
Sludge
Soil
Soil remediation
Soil Science & Conservation
Soils
Soybean
Soybeans
Superoxide dismutase
Survival
Toxicity
Triticum aestivum
Water Quality/Water Pollution
Wheat
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Summary:In the state of Paraná, Brazil, calcined sewage sludge (biosolid) without remediation is used as a fertilizer in different crops, such as soybeans and corn. Evaluated the chemical composition, pathogenic potential, and toxic potential to plants and E. fetida of biosolid produced in the state. The analysis of metals and pathogens, based on the Brazilian Resolution 498/2020 of the National Council for the Environment (CONAMA), classified the residue as suitable for incorporation into crop soils in Brazil. However, all concentrations of the biosolid (6.25, 25, 50, and 100%) caused phytotoxicity to Lactuca sativa , Allium cepa , Cucumis sativus, and Triticum aestivum . A. cepa meristematic cells exposed to the residue revealed division disruption, including clastogenic damage to chromosomes, and death. All concentrations promoted swelling in onion roots, drastic inhibition of ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, activation of guaiacol peroxidase, and lipid peroxidation in their meristems. Studies with Eisenia fetida showed biosolid has strong repellent effects and higher concentrations caused 100% mortality. In surviving animals, catalase and guaiacol peroxidase showed higher tissue levels of activity, suggesting a response to increased environmental free radicals, including reactive oxygen species. Therefore, in Paraná, the current and recurring incorporation of biosolids, without adequate remediation, into cropping soils has the potential to trigger extensive oxidative stress in plants and animals, representing an environmental risk. Furthermore, this study brings important elements that advance the understanding of how biosolids trigger phytotoxicity and cellular toxicity in different organisms.
ISSN:0049-6979
1573-2932
DOI:10.1007/s11270-023-06306-8