Hydrogen Leakage Simulation and Risk Analysis of Hydrogen Fueling Station in China

Hydrogen is a renewable energy source with various features, clean, carbon-free, high energy density, which is being recognized internationally as a “future energy.” The US, the EU, Japan, South Korea, China, and other countries or regions are gradually clarifying the development position of hydroge...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Sustainability 2022-10, Vol.14 (19), p.12420
Main Authors: Zhang, Xuchao, Qiu, Gang, Wang, Shali, Wu, Jiaxi, Peng, Yunan
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Accidents
Alternative energy sources
Carbon
Clean energy
Compressors
Energy industry
Energy minerals
Energy sources
Explosions
Failure
Fire prevention
Flanges
Fossil fuels
Fuel cell industry
Fuel cell vehicles
Fuel cells
Fuel technology
Heat flux
Hydrogen
Hydrogen as fuel
Hydrogen fuels
Hydrogen storage
Hydrogen-based energy
Hydrogenation
Leakage
Leaks
Overpressure
Renewable energy sources
Renewable resources
Risk analysis
Risk assessment
Safety and security measures
Simulation
Steel pipes
Storage vessels
Thermal radiation
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Summary:Hydrogen is a renewable energy source with various features, clean, carbon-free, high energy density, which is being recognized internationally as a “future energy.” The US, the EU, Japan, South Korea, China, and other countries or regions are gradually clarifying the development position of hydrogen. The rapid development of the hydrogen energy industry requires more hydrogenation infrastructure to meet the hydrogenation need of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. Nevertheless, due to the frequent occurrence of hydrogen infrastructure accidents, their safety has become an obstacle to large-scale construction. This paper analyzed five sizes (diameters of 0.068 mm, 0.215 mm, 0.68 mm, 2.15 mm, and 6.8 mm) of hydrogen leakage in the hydrogen fueling station using Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) and HyRAM software. The results show that unignited leaks occur most frequently; leaks caused by flanges, valves, instruments, compressors, and filters occur more frequently; and the risk indicator of thermal radiation accident and structure collapse accident caused by overpressure exceeds the Chinese individual acceptable risk standard and the risk indicator of a thermal radiation accident and head impact accident caused by overpressure is below the Chinese standard. On the other hand, we simulated the consequences of hydrogen leak from the 45 MPa hydrogen storage vessels by the physic module of HyRAM and obtained the ranges of plume dispersion, jet fire, radiative heat flux, and unconfined overpressure. We suggest targeted preventive measures and safety distance to provide references for hydrogen fueling stations’ safe construction and operation.
ISSN:2071-1050
2071-1050
DOI:10.3390/su141912420