Photodegradation of 4‐chlorophenol using as photocatalyst ZnFe2O4 spinels: influence of the complexing agent in the photocatalytic activity

BACKGROUND 4‐chlorophenol is one of the most commonly used products in industrial processes. This compound exhibits a high chemical stability that makes its removal from wastewater difficult by conventional methods. Although diverse methods have been applied for its elimination, photocatalysis is on...

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Published in:Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (1986) 2022-10, Vol.97 (10), p.2932-2944
Main Authors: Hernández‐Acosta, Diego, Jácome‐Acatitla, Gabriela, García‐Mendoza, Cinthia, Álvarez‐Lemus, Mayra, López‐Gónzalez, Rosendo, Tzompantzi, Francisco
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
4‐chlorophenol
Catalysts
Catalytic activity
Chemical synthesis
Chlorophenol
Citric acid
Crystallites
Crystals
Energy gap
Environmental degradation
hydrothermal method
Irradiation
Light irradiation
pH effects
Photocatalysis
Photodegradation
Physicochemical properties
Pollutants
Specific surface
spinel ferrites
Surface area
Ultraviolet radiation
Wastewater
Wastewater treatment
Zinc ferrites
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Summary:BACKGROUND 4‐chlorophenol is one of the most commonly used products in industrial processes. This compound exhibits a high chemical stability that makes its removal from wastewater difficult by conventional methods. Although diverse methods have been applied for its elimination, photocatalysis is one of the only techniques with several advantages, such as nontoxic by‐products and mild reaction conditions. One of the goals in improving this remedial technology is the development of materials with adequate physicochemical properties that enhance the catalytic activity and thus allow the complete degradation of the pollutant or its elimination in shorter periods of time. RESULTS Magnetic ZnFe2O4 catalysts were prepared by the hydrothermal method using as complexing agents oxalic, citric, and tartaric acids. The specific surface areas of the samples were between 23.938 and 48.058 m2/g and the band gap energies were in the range of 1.55–1.90 eV. These materials were evaluated under UV light irradiation (254 nm, 2 W) for the photodegradation of 4‐chlorophenol. All samples showed photodegradation efficiencies around 60% after three hours of reaction at pH 3. CONCLUSION The results confirmed that the complexing agents have an influence on the physicochemical properties of the synthesized catalysts. The catalyst synthesized using citric acid was the only one to exhibit a significant activity at the three pH levels (3, 5, 6). The above can be attributed to the fact that this material presents the lowest bandgap and crystallite size values along with the largest specific surface area of all the synthesized samples. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
ISSN:0268-2575
1097-4660
DOI:10.1002/jctb.7168