Brine shrimps adrift: historical species turnover in Western Mediterranean Artemia (Anostraca)

Brine shrimps ( Artemia ) have undergone geographic range and demographic expansions as a result of their interaction with humans since the beginning of salt harvesting. This interaction has favoured the expansion of some species but compromising the survival of others. Mediterranean native populati...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Biological invasions 2022-08, Vol.24 (8), p.2477-2498
Main Authors: Sainz-Escudero, Lucía, Karen López-Estrada, E., Rodríguez-Flores, Paula C., García-París, Mario
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Anthropogenic factors
Aquaculture
Artemia
Artemia salina
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Brines
Developmental Biology
Ecology
Fish farms
Freshwater & Marine Ecology
Harvesting
Human influences
Inoculation
Introduced species
Invasive species
Lagoons
Life Sciences
Original Paper
Phylogeny
Plant Sciences
Population decline
Population growth
Populations
Salterns
Shrimps
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Summary:Brine shrimps ( Artemia ) have undergone geographic range and demographic expansions as a result of their interaction with humans since the beginning of salt harvesting. This interaction has favoured the expansion of some species but compromising the survival of others. Mediterranean native populations of Artemia salina from coastal salterns and lagoons are facing the presence and expansion of the introduced and invasive American species Artemia monica (=  A . franciscana ). However, this species could not be the only threat. Parthenogenetic populations of the Asian species A . urmiana and A . sinica are widespread along the Mediterranean and other areas of the world. In this work, with the use of large cox1 and mitogenomic datasets, phylogenetic and phylogeographic inferences, and a time calibrated tree, we confirmed the Asian origin and recent arrival of the current Western Mediterranean parthenogenetic populations of Artemia . In addition, the replacement of Iberian populations of A . salina by Asiatic parthenogenetic populations lead us to recognize parthenogens as invasive. Current salterns development and commercial importance of Artemia make human-mediated introduction probable. These results demonstrate again the impact that changing human interests have on population expansion or decline of species adapted to anthropogenic habitats. Artemia salina decline makes urgent the implementation of conservation measures such as its use in fish farming and salt production or its inoculation in inland salterns.
ISSN:1387-3547
1573-1464
DOI:10.1007/s10530-022-02779-6