Multi-fold binary Darboux transformation and mixed solitons of a three-component Gross-Pitaevskii system in the spinor Bose-Einstein condensate

•The multi-fold binary Darboux transformation for a three-component Gross-Pitaevskii system are presented.•We derive three new types of exponential-and-rational mixed soliton solutions.•Interaction mechanisms between the mixed and exponential solitons are classified in the six cases. The Bose-Einste...

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Published in:Communications in nonlinear science & numerical simulation 2022-06, Vol.109, p.105988, Article 105988
Main Authors: Zhang, C.-R., Tian, B., Qu, Q.-X., Yuan, Y.-Q., Wei, C.-C.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Asymptotic analysis
Asymptotic properties
Bose-Einstein condensates
Eigenvalues
Einstein, Albert (1879-1955)
Ferromagnetism
Liquid helium
Magnetism
Matter waves
Mixed soliton solutions
Nonlinear equations
Schrodinger equation
Solitary waves
Soliton interactions
Superconductivity
Superfluidity
Symmetry
Three-component Gross-Pitaevskii system
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Summary:•The multi-fold binary Darboux transformation for a three-component Gross-Pitaevskii system are presented.•We derive three new types of exponential-and-rational mixed soliton solutions.•Interaction mechanisms between the mixed and exponential solitons are classified in the six cases. The Bose-Einstein-condensation applications give rise to the superfluidity in the liquid helium and superconductivity in the metals. In this paper, we work on a three-component Gross-Pitaevskii system, which describes the matter waves in an spin-1 spinor Bose-Einstein condensate. We construct a multi-fold binary Darboux transformation with the zero seed solutions to describe the three vertical spin projection of the spin-1 spinor BEC, which is different from all the existing Darboux-type ones for the same system, and derive three types of the exponential-and-rational mixed soliton solutions associated with two conjugate complex eigenvalues. For such mixed solitons, we give their asymptotic expressions, indicating that they consist of the Ieda-Miyakawa-Wadati (IMW)-polar-state or IMW-ferromagnetic solitons but possess the time-dependent velocities. Asymptotically and graphically, interaction mechanisms between the mixed and exponential solitons are classified in six cases, and we exhibit the inelastic and elastic interactions through calculating the modifications of the polarization matrices and phase shifts for the two interacting solitons. We find that both the IMW-polar-state solitons, including the mixed and exponential solitons, can not alter the other soliton’s intensity distribution during the interaction, while the mixed or exponential soliton in the IMW-ferromagnetic state does.
ISSN:1007-5704
1878-7274
DOI:10.1016/j.cnsns.2021.105988