Natural rubber degradation products: Fine chemicals and reuse of rubber waste

[Display omitted] •Natural rubber can be used as a source isoprenoid-related compounds;•Biofragmentation can lead the formation of smaller and more defined products.•A wide range of molecular weights is obtained from chemical fragmentation approaches.•Cross-metathesis can introduce other chemical fu...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:European polymer journal 2022-02, Vol.165, p.111001, Article 111001
Main Authors: Soares, Franciela Arenhart, Steinbüchel, Alexander
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aldehydes
Biodegradation
Biopolymers
Chains
Chemical compounds
Depletion
Depolymerization
Fine chemicals
Fossil fuels
Isoprene
Ketones
Metathesis
Microorganisms
Natural rubber
Oligomers
Polymerization
Rubber
Telechelic oligomers
Terpenes
Tires
Vulcanization
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Summary:[Display omitted] •Natural rubber can be used as a source isoprenoid-related compounds;•Biofragmentation can lead the formation of smaller and more defined products.•A wide range of molecular weights is obtained from chemical fragmentation approaches.•Cross-metathesis can introduce other chemical functions than aldehyde and keto groups.•Liquid-liquid extractions and precipitations are the most employed methods of purification. Natural rubber (NR)11NR: natural rubber is a biopolymer mainly composed of isoprene units linked to form double bonds with cis configuration. After the vulcanization process, NR is widely employed not only into fabrication of tyres, but also for many other products. Due to the forthcoming depletion of fossil fuel sources and to the growing tyre waste issue, NR is considered as a potential source of fine chemicals. Isoprene oligomers can be obtained either through bio- or chemical fragmentation processes. Although several microorganisms are able to fragment the rubber chains were isolated, the use of isolated enzymes proved to be more efficient regarding the number of compounds produced. Among the chemical methodologies for NR depolymerization, oxidative cleavages and cross metathesis are the most commonly used procedures to obtain isoprene oligomers. After enzymatically catalyzed fragmentations through oxidative cleavage possesses, the obtained oligomers have aldehyde and ketone end chain groups. A wide range of terminal groups can be obtained with metathesis reactions. We also point to the main procedures to recover isoprene oligomers and highlight some applications and perspectives.
ISSN:0014-3057
1873-1945
DOI:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111001