Phylogenomics and biogeography of Wisteria: Implications on plastome evolution among inverted repeat‐lacking clade (IRLC) legumes

The genus Wisteria (Fabaceae) is disjunctly distributed in eastern Asian and eastern North American temperate deciduous forests, and it is widely cultivated around the world as spectacular garden plants. It is a member of inverted repeat‐lacking clade (IRLC). The IRLC Species are characterized by th...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of systematics and evolution : JSE 2022-03, Vol.60 (2), p.253-265
Main Authors: Xia, Mao‐Qin, Liao, Ren‐Yu, Zhou, Jin‐Ting, Lin, Han‐Yang, Li, Jian‐Hua, Li, Pan, Fu, Cheng‐Xin, Qiu, Ying‐Xiong
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Archipelagoes
Biogeography
Deciduous forests
Eastern Asian–Eastern North American disjunction
Evolution
Fabaceae
Genes
Inverted repeat
inverted repeat‐lacking clade
Land bridges
Legumes
Millettia
Miocene
Oligocene
Phylogenetics
Phylogeny
Plastomes
Protein folding
Speciation
Species richness
Substitutes
Temperate forests
Wisteria
Wisterieae
Wisteriopsis
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Summary:The genus Wisteria (Fabaceae) is disjunctly distributed in eastern Asian and eastern North American temperate deciduous forests, and it is widely cultivated around the world as spectacular garden plants. It is a member of inverted repeat‐lacking clade (IRLC). The IRLC Species are characterized by the loss of an IR region in their plastomes, which has long been of great interest. In this research, we report whole plastome sequences from all four Wisteria species and a Wisteriopsis japonica, combining these with existing data to explore phylogenetic relationships and biogeography of Wisteria, as well as plastome evolution of IRLC species. Phylogenetic analyses recognized a clade containing Glycyrrhiza–Wisteriopsis–Wisteria as sister to the remaining genera of IRLC. North American Wisteria frutescens and the three Asian species formed reciprocal clades, and Wisteria brachybotrys was sister to Wisteria floribunda and Wisteria sinensis. Wisteria may have originated in Japan near the boundary of the Oligocene and Miocene. The disappearance of Bering Land Bridge in the late Miocene might lead to the Eastern Asian–Eastern North American disjunction of Wisteria. Allopatric speciation of Wisteria between the Japanese archipelago and the Asian continent in the Quaternary increased the species richness of eastern Asia in comparison with eastern North America. Synonymous substitution rates (dS) of protein‐coding genes in the IRLC species were around 2‐fold (SC genes) or 11‐fold (IR genes) higher than those of non‐IRLC species. For both SC and IR genes, herbaceous legumes have around 3‐fold higher dS than woody ones. Both loss of one IR region and herbaceous habit elevated substitution rates of the plastomes. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed that Glycyrrhiza–Wisteriopsis–Wisteria was sister to the remaining genera of IRLC. North American Wisteria frutescens and the three Asian species formed reciprocal clades, and Wisteria brachybotrys was sister to Wisteria floribunda and Wisteria sinensis. Wisteria may have originated in Japan near the boundary of the Oligocene and Miocene. Then the disappearence of Bering Land Bridge in the late Miocene might lead to the Eastern Asian–Eastern North American disjunction of Wisteria. Allopatric speciation of Wisteria between the Japanese archipelago and the Asian continent in the Quaternary increased the species richness of eastern Asia in comparison with eastern North America. Synonymous substitution rates (dS) of protein‐coding genes
ISSN:1674-4918
1759-6831
DOI:10.1111/jse.12733