Numerical assessments of bed morphological evolution in mountain river confluences under effects of hydro‐morphological factors

Understanding hydro‐morphological characteristics in mountain river confluences is significant in flood disaster mitigation and mountain river restoration, which is still poorly explored. This study employed a 2D hydro‐morphological model based on the finite element method to simulate the major bed...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Hydrological processes 2022-02, Vol.36 (2), p.n/a
Main Authors: Yan, Xu‐Feng, Duan, Huan‐Feng, Yang, Qing‐Yuan, Liu, Tong‐Huan, Sun, Yi, Wang, Xie‐Kang
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Accretion
bank‐attached bar
bed discordance
Confluence
Correlation
Dimensions
Disaster management
Environmental restoration
Field investigations
Field tests
Finite element method
Flumes
Fluvial sediments
Hydrodynamics
hydro‐morphological modelling
Mathematical analysis
Mathematical morphology
Mitigation
Morphology
mountain river confluence
Mountains
Physical characteristics
River restoration
Rivers
scour hole
Sediment
Sediment transport
Sediments
sensitive study
Slopes
Transport rate
Tributaries
Two dimensional models
Water discharge
Water levels
Water surface slope
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Summary:Understanding hydro‐morphological characteristics in mountain river confluences is significant in flood disaster mitigation and mountain river restoration, which is still poorly explored. This study employed a 2D hydro‐morphological model based on the finite element method to simulate the major bed morphological features in a mountainous‐type flume confluence and evaluate the effects of main controlling factors on these features. The modelling results show that the dominant bed morphological features in mountain river confluences can be well produced by the 2D model. Five controlling factors including downstream water level (H), branch discharge ratio (Qr), main channel sediment supply ratio (ψ), tributary slope (St) and confluence angle (α) reflecting different flow‐sediment‐geometry scenarios were adopted into a sensitive study. The upstream reach of the main channel is controlled by H and ψ and their decreases lead to bed degradation. The increase in Qr, St, and α mainly results in bed aggradation and steepening in the tributary, attaining a higher sediment transport rate. This contrasts the existing experimental results, due to the difference in sediment feeding. The size of the bank‐attached bar is promoted by the increase in Qr, St, and α and the decrease in H and ψ. A quantitative analysis shows that the water surface slope well correlates with various dimensions of the scour hole and bar morphology (correlation = 0.58–0.8). Meanwhile, the bank‐attached bar displays a strong self‐similarity (correlation = 0.84–0.98) regarding its geometric dimensions. This study provides new insights into the existing knowledge of the hydro‐sediment‐morphodynamics of mountain river confluences obtained from laboratory studies and field investigations. The typical bed morphological features in a mountain river confluence can be reproduced by a depth‐averaged hydro‐morphological model. Further numerical assessment explores impacts of different controlling factors associated with hydrodynamics, sediment dynamics and channel geometry on the behaviors of these morphological features.
ISSN:0885-6087
1099-1085
DOI:10.1002/hyp.14488