Facile and rapid exfoliation of black phosphorus assisted by acetic acid

Rapid and facile exfoliation of phosphorene sheets from freshly crystallized black phosphorus on silicon substrates, is achieved using immersion in dilute acetic acid, assisted by bath sonication. The formation of black phosphorus on silicon substrates has been achieved using direct conversion of am...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of materials science. Materials in electronics 2022-02, Vol.33 (5), p.2499-2508
Main Authors: Akbarnejad, E., Salehi, F., Mohajerzadeh, S.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acetic acid
Acids
Characterization and Evaluation of Materials
Chemical bonds
Chemistry and Materials Science
Crystal structure
Crystallinity
Crystallization
Direct conversion
Exfoliation
Hydrogen ions
Hydrogen plasma
Materials Science
Optical and Electronic Materials
Patches (structures)
Phosphorene
Phosphorus
Photoelectrons
Photoluminescence
Raman spectroscopy
Sheets
Silicon substrates
Spectrum analysis
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Summary:Rapid and facile exfoliation of phosphorene sheets from freshly crystallized black phosphorus on silicon substrates, is achieved using immersion in dilute acetic acid, assisted by bath sonication. The formation of black phosphorus on silicon substrates has been achieved using direct conversion of amorphous phosphorous into a highly crystalline two-dimensional nano-structure in the presence of hydrogen plasma treatment. The energy imparted from hydrogen ions onto the amorphous phosphorus film would lead to the formation of proper chemical bonds of such atoms with their neighboring atoms, leading to highly crystalline phosphorene sheets. Despite the success in the formation of phosphorene sheets on silicon substrates, proper exfoliation of these flakes is still a challenge to arrive at nano-patches with smooth edges. While mere exfoliation of phosphorene sheets in water leads to randomly featured structures with sharp edges, the use of acetic acid within the solution results in round nano-patches with smooth edges. Such highly passivated sheets can be possibly applied as vehicles for drug delivery. Electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy have been used to examine the evolution of sheets. The functionalized sheets have shown strong photoluminescence in the blue region, owing to the formation of chemical bond with acetic acid molecules. Moreover, Raman spectroscopy has been used to investigate the crystalline structure of the nano-patches.
ISSN:0957-4522
1573-482X
DOI:10.1007/s10854-021-07457-2