Optimisation of CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-CaSO4-based catalysts performance for methanolysis of waste lard for biodiesel production using response surface methodology and meta-heuristic algorithms

The CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-CaSO4-based solid catalysts developed from calcium carbide residue (CCR) was investigated for biodiesel production using waste lard in optimisation and regeneration studies. The catalysts were synthesized by calcination of the CCR at the temperature of 500, 700 and 900 °C and sulp...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Fuel processing technology 2022-02, Vol.226, p.107066, Article 107066
Main Authors: Ajala, E.O., Ehinmowo, A.B., Ajala, M.A., Ohiro, O.A., Aderibigbe, F.A., Ajao, A.O.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Algorithms
Aluminum oxide
Animal fat
Biodiesel fuels
Calcium oxide
Catalysts
Chemical synthesis
Fatty acid methyl esters
Firefly algorithm
Genetic algorithm
Genetic algorithms
Heuristic
Heuristic methods
Particle swarm optimisation
Particle swarm optimization
Process parameters
Reaction time
Regeneration
Response surface methodology
Silicon dioxide
Transesterification
Vegetable oil
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Summary:The CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-CaSO4-based solid catalysts developed from calcium carbide residue (CCR) was investigated for biodiesel production using waste lard in optimisation and regeneration studies. The catalysts were synthesized by calcination of the CCR at the temperature of 500, 700 and 900 °C and sulphonation, to give Cat500, Cat700 and Cat900 respectively. The catalysts were studied to optimise the biodiesel yield from waste lard using combinations of response surface methodology (RSM) and meta-heuristic algorithms such as particle swarm optimisation (PSO), genetic algorithm (GA) and firefly algorithm (FA). The process parameters investigated were methanol: oil molar ratio (6–12 w/w), reaction temperature (50–60 °C), reaction time (1–4 h), catalyst quantity (5–15 % (w/w)) and catalyst type (Cat500, Cat700 and Cat900). The study revealed that the 12:1 MeOH: oil molar ratio, 59.97 °C reaction temperature, 1 h reaction time, 5% (w/w) catalyst quantity and Cat500 catalyst type gave biodiesel yield of 96.35%. The performance of the meta-heuristic algorithms based on the optimisation output compared well with that of the RSM. This study concludes that the catalyst developed from the CCR can be regenerated after the ninth cycle of usage and re-utilised for efficient biodiesel production. •The CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-CaSO4-based solid catalysts synthesised from the CCR produced biodiesel from waste lard.•Optimum performance of the solid catalysts for biodiesel production were investigated using a CCD of RSM.•Meta-heuristic Algorithms successfully simulate the RSM model.•The catalyst synthesised at 500 °C gave the optimum biodiesel yield of 96.35%.•The catalyst developed can be regenerated after 9th cycle of usage and re-utilised for efficient biodiesel production
ISSN:0378-3820
1873-7188
DOI:10.1016/j.fuproc.2021.107066