Influence of herbicides on germination and quality of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) seed

Laboratory and greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of chemical treatments applied to Palmer amaranth seeds or gynoecious plants that retain seeds to determine seed germination and quality. Treatments applied to physiologically mature Palmer amaranth seed included acifluorfen, d...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Weed technology 2021-10, Vol.35 (5), p.786-789
Main Authors: Moore, Levi D, Jennings, Katherine M, Monks, David W, Leon, Ramon G, Boyette, Michael D, Jordan, David L
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
2,4-D
Amaranth
Amaranthus palmeri
Chemical treatment
Crops
Crush tests
Genetic diversity
Germination
Herbicides
Laboratories
Linuron
Metolachlor
Metribuzin
Oryzalin
Pendimethalin
Phosphorus
Progeny
Seed
Seed germination
Seedlings
Seeds
Software
Trifluralin
viability
Weeds
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Summary:Laboratory and greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of chemical treatments applied to Palmer amaranth seeds or gynoecious plants that retain seeds to determine seed germination and quality. Treatments applied to physiologically mature Palmer amaranth seed included acifluorfen, dicamba, ethephon, flumioxazin, fomesafen, halosulfuron, linuron, metribuzin, oryzalin, pendimethalin, pyroxasulfone, S-metolachlor, saflufenacil, trifluralin, and 2,4-D plus crop oil concentrate applied at 1× and 2× the suggested use rates from the manufacturer. Germination was reduced by 20% when 2,4-D was used, 15% when dicamba was used, and 13% when halosulfuron and pyroxasulfone were used. Use of dicamba, ethephon, halosulfuron, oryzalin, trifluralin, and 2,4-D resulted in decreased seedling length by an average of at least 50%. Due to the observed effect of dicamba, ethephon, halosulfuron, oryzalin, trifluralin, and 2,4-D, these treatments were applied to gynoecious Palmer amaranth inflorescence at the 2× registered application rates to evaluate their effects on progeny seed. Dicamba use resulted in a 24% decrease in seed germination, whereas all other treatment results were similar to those of the control. Crush tests showed that seed viability was greater than 95%, thus dicamba did not have a strong effect on seed viability. No treatments applied to Palmer amaranth inflorescence affected average seedling length; therefore, chemical treatments did not affect the quality of seeds that germinated. Nomenclature: acifluorfen; dicamba; ethephon; flumioxazin; fomesafen; halosulfuron; linuron; metribuzin; oryzalin; pendimethalin; pyroxasulfone; S-metolachlor; saflufenacil; trifluralin; 2,4-D; Palmer amaranth, Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson; AMAPA
ISSN:0890-037X
1550-2740
DOI:10.1017/wet.2021.71