Amelioration of plant responses to drought under elevated CO2 by rejuvenating photosynthesis and nitrogen use efficiency: implications for future climate-resilient crops

The contemporary global agriculture is beset with serious threats from diverse eco-environmental conditions causing decreases in crop yields by ~ 15%. These yield losses might increase further due to climate change scenarios leading to increased food prices triggering social unrest and famines. Urba...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Photosynthesis research 2021-12, Vol.150 (1-3), p.21-40
Main Authors: Sekhar, Kalva Madhana, Kota, Vamsee Raja, Reddy, T. Papi, Rao, K. V., Reddy, Attipalli Ramachandra
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Abiotic factors
Acclimation
Biochemistry
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Carbon dioxide
Carboxylation
Climate change
Crop yield
Crops
Drought
Environmental conditions
Flowers & plants
Genome editing
Genotypes
Greenhouse gases
Life Sciences
Mesophyll
Original Article
Photosynthesis
Plant Genetics and Genomics
Plant Physiology
Plant Sciences
Productivity
Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate
Stomata
Urbanization
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Summary:The contemporary global agriculture is beset with serious threats from diverse eco-environmental conditions causing decreases in crop yields by ~ 15%. These yield losses might increase further due to climate change scenarios leading to increased food prices triggering social unrest and famines. Urbanization and industrialization are often associated with rapid increases in greenhouse gases (GHGs) especially atmospheric CO 2 concentration [(CO 2 )]. Increase in atmospheric [CO 2 ] significantly improved crop photosynthesis and productivity initially which vary with plant species, genotype, [CO 2 ] exposure time and biotic as well as abiotic stress factors. Numerous attempts have been made using different plant species to unravel the physiological, cellular and molecular effects of elevated [CO 2 ] as well as drought. This review focuses on plant responses to elevated [CO 2 ] and drought individually as well as in combination with special reference to physiology of photosynthesis including its acclimation. Furthermore, the functional role of nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and its relation to photosynthetic acclimation and crop productivity under elevated [CO 2 ] and drought are reviewed. In addition, we also discussed different strategies to ameliorate the limitations of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) carboxylation and RuBP regeneration. Further, improved stomatal and mesophyll conductance and NUE for enhanced crop productivity under fast changing global climate conditions through biotechnological approaches are also discussed here. We conclude that multiple gene editing approaches for key events in photosynthetic processes would serve as the best strategy to generate resilient crop plants with improved productivity under fast changing climate.
ISSN:0166-8595
1573-5079
DOI:10.1007/s11120-020-00772-5