Biodegradation of Keratin-Rich Husbandry Waste as a Path to Sustainable Agriculture

Every year, the size of the human population grows; with it, the need for agricultural products increases. This leads to an increment in the volume of waste, including hard-to-degrade keratin-rich ones, such as feathers. Currently, most of the agro-industrial complex protein by-products are utilized...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Sustainability 2021-08, Vol.13 (16), p.8691
Main Authors: Shestakova, Anna, Timorshina, Svetlana, Osmolovskiy, Alexander
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Additives
Agricultural development
Agricultural products
Agricultural wastes
Agriculture
Animal feathers
Animal husbandry
Biodegradable materials
Biodegradation
Birds
Breeding of animals
By products
Byproducts
Contamination
Coronaviruses
Economic development
Emissions
Environmental impact
Enzymes
Farming
Feed additives
Feeds
Fertilizers
Food additives
Food contamination & poisoning
Human populations
Hydrolysis
Incineration
Keratin
Keratinocytes
Landfills
Meals
Microorganisms
Pandemics
Poultry
Proteins
Sustainability
Sustainable agriculture
Sustainable development
Trends
Waste disposal
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Summary:Every year, the size of the human population grows; with it, the need for agricultural products increases. This leads to an increment in the volume of waste, including hard-to-degrade keratin-rich ones, such as feathers. Currently, most of the agro-industrial complex protein by-products are utilized by incineration, landfilling, and chemical hydrolysis. Such methods do not meet modern trends in the development of a sustainable economy, negatively affecting the environment and humans, and preventing the reusing of waste. An alternative is biodegradation, which consists of the application of living organisms and their enzymes to recycle by-products. This approach is not only sustainable, but also makes it possible to obtain products of waste hydrolysis that are in demand for the manufacture of fertilizers and feed additives. This brings the development of agriculture closer to a circular economy and makes the recycling process more profitable. This review article emphasizes the significance of keratinolytic microorganisms and keratinases for the improvement of green methods for processing hard-to-degrade protein waste of the agro-industrial complex, which is necessary for sustainable economic development.
ISSN:2071-1050
2071-1050
DOI:10.3390/su13168691