Evaluation of properties of sulfur-based polymers obtained by inverse vulcanization: Techniques and challenges

Sulfur-based polymers are unique renewable materials that are receiving a growing attention. The utilization of elemental sulfur with a variety of monomers in their preparation in the absence of solvents using the inverse vulcanization are granting them green nature and unique properties. Several ch...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Polymers & polymer composites 2021-10, Vol.29 (8), p.1333-1352
Main Authors: Ghumman, Ali Shaan Manzoor, Nasef, Mohamed Mahmoud, Shamsuddin, M Rashid, Abbasi, Amin
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Copolymers
Differential scanning calorimetry
Environmental restoration
Fourier transforms
Gravimetric analysis
Green chemistry
Heat treatment
Hydrocarbons
Infrared spectroscopy
Mechanical properties
Methods
NMR
Nuclear magnetic resonance
Petroleum refineries
Polymerization
Polymers
Raman spectroscopy
Renewable resources
Rheological properties
Sulfur
Sulfur content
Vegetable oils
Vulcanization
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Request full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:Sulfur-based polymers are unique renewable materials that are receiving a growing attention. The utilization of elemental sulfur with a variety of monomers in their preparation in the absence of solvents using the inverse vulcanization are granting them green nature and unique properties. Several characterization techniques have been used to evaluate the properties of sulfur-based polymers. However, the complex structure and lack of solubility undermine the applicability of some standard characterization techniques in the usual manners. This article reviews the characterization methods used for the evaluation of various properties of sulfur-based polymers such as chemical, morphological, structural, thermal, rheological and mechanical properties, all of which vary depending on the type of comonomer involved in the reaction and heat treatment conditions. The successful applications of different characterization techniques including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), scanning electron microscopy/X-ray energy dispersion (SEM-EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), mechanical tester, rheometer, thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) are discussed. The challenges to the evaluation of the properties of sulfur-based polymers and the innovative applications of the conventional techniques to overcome them are also deliberated.
ISSN:0967-3911
1478-2391
DOI:10.1177/0967391120954072