Effect of Crystallinity of Synthetic Graphite on Electrochemical Potassium Intercalation into Graphite

An effect of crystallinity of graphite on formation of graphite intercalation compounds (GICs) and reversibility in K cells was studied by comparing that in Li cells. Though high reversible capacities and coulombic efficiencies of graphite electrodes in K cells were achieved during initial cycles re...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Denki kagaku oyobi kōgyō butsuri kagaku 2021/09/05, Vol.89(5), pp.433-438
Main Authors: IGARASHI, Daisuke, KUBOTA, Kei, HOSAKA, Tomooki, TATARA, Ryoichi, INOSE, Tsuyoshi, ITO, Yuji, INOUE, Hirofumi, TAKEUCHI, Masataka, KOMABA, Shinichi
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Coherence length
Crystal structure
Crystallinity
Electrochemistry
Graphite
Intercalation
Intercalation compounds
Lithium
Potassium
Potassium-ion Battery
Rechargeable batteries
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Summary:An effect of crystallinity of graphite on formation of graphite intercalation compounds (GICs) and reversibility in K cells was studied by comparing that in Li cells. Though high reversible capacities and coulombic efficiencies of graphite electrodes in K cells were achieved during initial cycles regardless of the crystallinity, high crystallinity graphite demonstrated less potential-hysteresis and superior capacity retention to low crystallinity graphite. Operando XRD measurement confirmed similar staging process of K-GICs for both graphite, however, high crystallinity graphite transformed into higher crystallinity of K-GIC as well as higher reversibility of potassium de-/intercalation than low crystallinity graphite. A turbostratic disorder in low crystallinity graphite led to redox-potential split and lower crystalline K-GIC and potassium-extracted graphite. Thus, the crystallinity of graphite, which includes coherence length and the degree of random stacking, is found to be a predominant factor for highly reversible potassium intercalation, which differs from the lithium case. We concluded that the high crystallinity is of importance for the application of graphite to long-life potassium-ion batteries.
ISSN:1344-3542
2186-2451
DOI:10.5796/electrochemistry.21-00062