Titanium Dioxide/Activated Carbon Electrode with Polyurethane Binder for the Removal of Indium Ions via Capacitive Deionization

The process of removing indium ions from aqueous solutions by applying capacitive deionization (CDI) is reported in this manuscript. First, a modified carbon material was prepared by incorporating titanium dioxide (TiO2) into activated carbon (AC). A microwave-assisted ionothermal synthesis (MAIS) m...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Processes 2021-08, Vol.9 (8), p.1427
Main Authors: Yen, Clive H., Chuang, Shun-Hsing, Huang, Ren-Yi, Liu, Po-I, Chang, Min-Chao, Horng, Ren-Yang
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Activated carbon
Adsorption
Anatase
Aqueous solutions
Binders (materials)
Cadmium
Deionization
Desalination
Efficiency
Elastomers
Electrochemical analysis
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
Electrodes
Fluoride
Fluorides
Indium
Microscopy
Molecular weight
Nitrates
Particle size
Polyurethane
Polyurethane resins
Polyvinylidene fluorides
Scanning electron microscopy
Spectroscopy
Spectrum analysis
Synthesis
Titanium
Titanium dioxide
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Summary:The process of removing indium ions from aqueous solutions by applying capacitive deionization (CDI) is reported in this manuscript. First, a modified carbon material was prepared by incorporating titanium dioxide (TiO2) into activated carbon (AC). A microwave-assisted ionothermal synthesis (MAIS) method was used to produce evenly distributed nanostructured anatase TiO2 on the surface of AC. A polyurethane (PU) elastomer was then synthesized as the binder material instead of using conventional polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). By combining the aforementioned materials, a MAIS TiO2/AC-PU electrode was synthesized and applied to CDI tests. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to characterize the size and dispersion of the composites. For electrochemical properties, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used to analyze the synthesized electrode. The performance of the prepared electrode during the CDI process was tested in different concentrations of indium solutions. It was discovered that the indium removal efficiency can be as high as 84% in 1 and 5 ppm of indium solutions.
ISSN:2227-9717
2227-9717
DOI:10.3390/pr9081427