Wastewater Treatment and Reuse: a Review of its Applications and Health Implications

Water scarcity is one of the major problems in the world and millions of people have no access to freshwater. Untreated wastewater is widely used for agriculture in many countries. This is one of the world-leading serious environmental and public health concerns. Instead of using untreated wastewate...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Water, air, and soil pollution air, and soil pollution, 2021-05, Vol.232 (5), Article 208
Main Authors: Kesari, Kavindra Kumar, Soni, Ramendra, Jamal, Qazi Mohammad Sajid, Tripathi, Pooja, Lal, Jonathan A., Jha, Niraj Kumar, Siddiqui, Mohammed Haris, Kumar, Pradeep, Tripathi, Vijay, Ruokolainen, Janne
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Agricultural resources
Agricultural wastes
Agriculture
Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution
Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts
Earth and Environmental Science
Environment
Environmental monitoring
Fertilizers
Freshwater
Hydrogeology
Inland water environment
Methods
Potential resources
Public health
Purification
Reviews
Sewage
Soil Science & Conservation
Solid impurities
Solid wastes
Toxic wastes
Toxicity
Wastewater irrigation
Wastewater reuse
Wastewater treatment
Water Quality/Water Pollution
Water scarcity
Water treatment
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Summary:Water scarcity is one of the major problems in the world and millions of people have no access to freshwater. Untreated wastewater is widely used for agriculture in many countries. This is one of the world-leading serious environmental and public health concerns. Instead of using untreated wastewater, treated wastewater has been found more applicable and ecofriendly option. Moreover, environmental toxicity due to solid waste exposures is also one of the leading health concerns. Therefore, intending to combat the problems associated with the use of untreated wastewater, we propose in this review a multidisciplinary approach to handle wastewater as a potential resource for use in agriculture. We propose a model showing the efficient methods for wastewater treatment and the utilization of solid wastes in fertilizers. The study also points out the associated health concern for farmers, who are working in wastewater-irrigated fields along with the harmful effects of untreated wastewater. The consumption of crop irrigated by wastewater has leading health implications also discussed in this review paper. This review further reveals that our current understanding of the wastewater treatment and use in agriculture with addressing advancements in treatment methods has great future possibilities.
ISSN:0049-6979
1573-2932
DOI:10.1007/s11270-021-05154-8