A study of hydrogeochemical processes using integrated geochemical and multivariate statistical methods and health risk assessment of groundwater in Trans-Varuna region, Uttar Pradesh

In the current study, 62 groundwater samples were collected (31 each in premonsoon and postmonsoon seasons) and analyzed for various physicochemical parameters and trace metals in the Trans-Varuna region, Uttar Pradesh. From the cationic fields of piper chart, it is viewed that 78% and 81% samples i...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environment, development and sustainability development and sustainability, 2021-05, Vol.23 (5), p.7480-7508
Main Authors: Madhav, Sughosh, Raju, N. Janardhana, Ahamad, Arif
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aragonite
Averages
Bicarbonates
Calcium
Contamination
Copper
Dissolution
Dominance
Earth and Environmental Science
Ecology
Economic Geology
Economic Growth
Environment
Environmental Economics
Environmental Management
Farming
Fluorite
Goethite
Groundwater
Gypsum
Health risks
Heavy metals
Hematite
Hydrogeochemistry
Infants
Ion exchange
Iron
Magnesium
Manganese
Metals
Monsoons
Nickel
Nitrates
Quotients
Risk assessment
Saturation
Statistical methods
Sustainable Development
Trace metals
Water sampling
Zinc
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Summary:In the current study, 62 groundwater samples were collected (31 each in premonsoon and postmonsoon seasons) and analyzed for various physicochemical parameters and trace metals in the Trans-Varuna region, Uttar Pradesh. From the cationic fields of piper chart, it is viewed that 78% and 81% samples in premonsoon and postmonsoon, respectively, fall in no dominance type, while all the samples in postmonsoon and 97% samples in premonsoon fall in bicarbonate type in anionic facies. The Ca/Mg ratio with an average of 1.44 and 1.15 in pre-monsoon and post-monsoon correspondingly points out that carbonate dissolution is the leading cause of Ca in the Trans-Varuna region. A plot between [(Na + K) − Cl] and [(Ca + Mg) − (HCO 3  − SO 4 )] suggests that ion exchange also add ions in the groundwater. According to the Gibbs plot, the hydrogeochemistry of samples signifies that most of the samples are from rock dominance. Saturation indices point out that the groundwater of the Trans-Varuna region is saturated with chalcedony, goethite, hematite, and quartz and undersaturated with reference to anhydrite, aragonite, gypsum, halite, and fluorite. 36% sample in premonsoon and 52% samples in postmonsoon shows high NO 3 concentration which is above the WHO standard for drinking purpose. In terms of Fe, 74% of samples are beyond the permissible limit of WHO. Various indices to estimate the aptness of groundwater for agricultural function indicate that most of the samples in both the seasons are safe of farming uses. Chronic daily intake values show that infants and children of the investigative region are very vulnerable to nitrate contamination. Target health quotient of heavy metals was established in the sequence of Pb > Zn > Mn > Fe > Ni > Cu.
ISSN:1387-585X
1573-2975
DOI:10.1007/s10668-020-00928-2