Emerging processing technologies for improved digestibility of muscle proteins

The ever-expanding human population demands some novel ideas and ingenious ways to produce foods of sufficient quality and quantity that would meet the protein requirements of humans. Muscle proteins, both lab- and farm-grown, are going to contribute their part and play an important role in near and...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Trends in food science & technology 2021-04, Vol.110, p.226-239
Main Authors: Bhat, Zuhaib F., Morton, James D., Bekhit, Alaa El-Din A., Kumar, Sunil, Bhat, Hina F.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Denaturation
Digestibility
Digestion
Digestive system
Electric fields
Emerging technologies
Food processing
Food quality
Gastrointestinal digestion
Gastrointestinal tract
High-pressure
Human populations
Hydrodynamic shockwave
In vivo and in vitro studies
Land resources
Meat
Mechanisms
Muscle proteins
Muscles
New technology
Novel foods
Protein structure
Proteins
Pulsed electric field
Shock waves
Ultrasound
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Summary:The ever-expanding human population demands some novel ideas and ingenious ways to produce foods of sufficient quality and quantity that would meet the protein requirements of humans. Muscle proteins, both lab- and farm-grown, are going to contribute their part and play an important role in near and distant future. However, finite animal and land resources and increasing environmental concerns will limit our capacity to produce adequate muscle proteins for all. A viable option to sustain protein resources is to reduce the food wastage and to fully utilize existing muscle proteins by improving the digestibility of muscle foods. The use of novel food processing techniques may support such objectives. However, this is relatively nascent area and there is an urgent need to expand our understanding by examining the basic knowledge of how muscle proteins processed under different conditions behave in the gastrointestinal environment, both in vivo and in vitro. The present review highlights some of the novel processing techniques of improving muscle protein digestibility and discusses how different processing conditions affect the digestibility of muscle proteins under gastrointestinal digestion environments. The underlying mechanisms have been discussed in detail and supported by the current literature. Protein digestibility of muscle foods can be improved by employing several thermal and non-thermal emerging technologies, which have potential to improve the susceptibility of muscle proteins to gastrointestinal proteases. By affecting the structural (quaternary, tertiary or even secondary) and functional properties of the proteins and muscle microstructure, emerging technologies such as pulsed electric field, high-pressure, ultrasound and hydrodynamic shockwave, can induce denaturation and affect the unfolding and refolding of the proteins, thereby affecting both the diffusion of gastrointestinal proteases deep into the protein matrix as well as their accessibility to cleavage sites. The denaturation patterns of the processed proteins are not always predictable and depends on the processing conditions and the origin of the protein, thereby affecting protein digestibility positively or negatively. Extensive research is required to understand optimum processing conditions of these emerging technologies towards the favourable effects on the protein digestibility as affected by protein structure and muscle configuration to enable processing conditions suitable for d
ISSN:0924-2244
1879-3053
DOI:10.1016/j.tifs.2021.02.010