Effect of zero‐valent iron nanoparticles on the remediation of a clayish soil contaminated with γ‐hexachlorocyclohexane (lindane) in a bioelectrochemical slurry reactor

In this research we evaluated the effect of adding zero‐valent iron nanoparticles (ZVI‐NP) to a complete mix bioelectrochemical slurry reactors (BESR) on the remediation of a clayish soil with a high content of organic matter, contaminated with lindane. Five BESR were loaded with a clayish polluted...

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Published in:Canadian journal of chemical engineering 2021-04, Vol.99 (4), p.915-931
Main Authors: Mar‐Pineda, Catherine G., Poggi‐Varaldo, Héctor M., Ponce‐Noyola, M. Teresa, Estrada‐Bárcenas, Daniel A., Ríos‐Leal, Elvira, Esparza‐García, Fernando J., Galíndez‐Mayer, Juvencio, Rinderknecht‐Seijas, Noemí F.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Bioelectricity
bioelectrochemical slurry reactor
Design factors
Design of experiments
Inoculum
Iron
lindane
Metabolites
Multiple criterion
Nanoparticles
Organic matter
Performance evaluation
Remediation
Slurries
Slurry reactors
Soil contamination
Soil pollution
Soil remediation
Soils
γ‐hexachlorocyclohexane
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Summary:In this research we evaluated the effect of adding zero‐valent iron nanoparticles (ZVI‐NP) to a complete mix bioelectrochemical slurry reactors (BESR) on the remediation of a clayish soil with a high content of organic matter, contaminated with lindane. Five BESR were loaded with a clayish polluted soil (100 mg lindane/kgds), known concentrations of ZVI‐NP, liquid medium, and sulphate‐reducing inoculum to give a 33% w/v soil concentration. A one‐factor experimental design was used, where the effect of nanoparticles concentration [NP] on lindane removal efficiency (ηlin) and other response variables were evaluated. The [NP] levels were 0.0 (background control with electrical connection, BCWC), 2.5 (Exp1), 5.0 (Exp2), and 7.5 gNP/kgds (Exp3). Maximum ηlin (95%) was attained in Exp2 (5 gNP/kgds). Beyond this level the ηlin slightly decreased (Exp3 with 85% ηlin.) Approximately 40%‐57% of lindane was removed in the first 24 hours during a rapid kinetics phase. No metabolites of lindane degradation were detected after 30 days of operation in all the BESR. Energy production increased with [NP]; Exp3 generated 4.3 MJ/tonneds at 30 days, whereas the other treatments produced energy between 1.6 MJ/tonneds‐1.2 MJ/tonneds. Bioelectrical energy could partially offset the requirements of BESR mixing energy. Overall performance evaluation using an ad hoc multicriteria framework indicated that BESR followed the order Exp2 > Exp3 > Exp1 ~ BCWC > ABCWOC (abiotic control without electrical connection). There was a significant, positive effect of the combined BESR and ZVI‐NP technology for the remediation of heavy soils contaminated with lindane.
ISSN:0008-4034
1939-019X
DOI:10.1002/cjce.24027