Exploration of acute toxicity, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-pyretic activities of the black tunicate, Phallusia nigra (Savigny, 1816) using mice model

Among marine animals, ascidians represent the most highly evolved group for marine natural products having rich source of bioactive secondary metabolites with promising potential biomedical applications. In this study, an analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-pyretic activities of Phallusia nigra w...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental science and pollution research international 2021-02, Vol.28 (5), p.5809-5821
Main Authors: Syed, Mohamed Hussain, Gnanakkan, Ananthan, Pitchiah, Sivaperumal
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acetic Acid
Acetone
Acetonitrile
Acute toxicity
Analgesics
Animals
Anti-Inflammatory Agents
Aquatic Pollution
Ascidiacea
Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution
Biocompatibility
Biomedical materials
Carrageenan
Confidence limits
Earth and Environmental Science
Ecotoxicology
Edema
Environment
Environmental Chemistry
Environmental Health
Environmental science
Inflammation
Kidneys
Marine animals
Marine organisms
Metabolites
Mice
Natural products
Organs
Pain - drug therapy
Phallusia nigra
Phytotherapy
Plant Extracts - therapeutic use
Research Article
Secondary metabolites
Test animals
Toxicity
Urochordata
Waste Water Technology
Water Management
Water Pollution Control
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Summary:Among marine animals, ascidians represent the most highly evolved group for marine natural products having rich source of bioactive secondary metabolites with promising potential biomedical applications. In this study, an analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-pyretic activities of Phallusia nigra were performed. The acute toxicity (LD 50 ) was calculated, and the intraperitoneal route was estimated to be 235.09, 252.90, and 295.59 mg/kg with 95% confidence limits for methanolic extract (ME), acetonitrile extract (ANE), and acetone extract (AE) respectively. Histopathological observations revealed the toxic effects of different crude extracts of P. nigra , which were more analogous on the organs such as the lungs, liver, and kidneys of the test animals. Analgesic response of acetonitrile fraction II (ANF2) was higher than all the crude extracts as well as the fractions tested, and it was very low in acetone fraction I (AF1). In addition to that, different extracts and their fractions obtained from P. nigra was potential to reduce the edema induced by carrageenan (500 μg/paw) in a duration dependent manner. Our study again proves that compounds isolated from lower forms (ascidians) showed tremendous effects in mice without any deleterious effect generally provoked during chemical drug treatments.
ISSN:0944-1344
1614-7499
DOI:10.1007/s11356-020-10938-2