Origins of hard carbonate nodules in arable Chernozems in the Central Russian Upland

The genesis of hard carbonate nodules in the lowermost horizons (180–200 cm) of arable soils in the southern part of the forest‐steppe region of the Central Russian Upland was associated with a change in soil water regime. The conversion of forest to arable lands was studied in three agro‐chronosequ...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:European journal of soil science 2021-01, Vol.72 (1), p.326-342
Main Authors: Khokhlova, Olga, Myakshina, Tatyana, Kuznetsova, Alsu
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Age
Agricultural land
Aluminum
Arable land
Autumn
Calcite
Carbon dioxide
Carbonates
colloidal carbonate matter
Conversion
Deciduous forests
evaporative and hydromorphic genesis
Forests
Iron
micromorphology
Moisture content
Morphology
Nodules
Organic acids
pedogenic carbonates
radiocarbon dating
Recrystallization
Seasons
Silicon
Soil
Soil horizons
Soil water
Stagnant water
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Summary:The genesis of hard carbonate nodules in the lowermost horizons (180–200 cm) of arable soils in the southern part of the forest‐steppe region of the Central Russian Upland was associated with a change in soil water regime. The conversion of forest to arable lands was studied in three agro‐chronosequences located on flat interfluves and consisted of undisturbed soils under deciduous forests and arable soils with different durations of agricultural use. Due to arable agricultural activity, the upper soil horizons become drier in the summer during the growing season, whereas the lowermost parts get wetter in the spring and autumn after harvests. As a result, two types of hard carbonate nodules, which differed in morphology, origin and age, formed in the arable soils. The first type of hard nodules had a dense cryptocrystalline fabric in thin sections and colloform morphology viewed under an electron microscope, consisting of calcite with Si, Al and Fe peaks in EDS spectra, and had a 14C‐age from 16,410 ± 200 to 13,570 ± 150 years BP. Their formation occurred due to an ascending of “old” carbonate matter in colloidal suspensions through capillary pores from parent rocks in the periods of strong heating of the soil surface; these nodules had an evaporative origin. The second type of hard nodules consisted of crystalline pure calcite and had a 14C‐age of 
ISSN:1351-0754
1365-2389
DOI:10.1111/ejss.12948