Effects of compaction on lead availability in contaminated soils with contrasting texture

The effects of soil compaction on porosity (α), bulk density (ρs), and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) can create a physical barrier in the soil, reducing the vertical movement of toxic elements in the soil profile. However, the indirect effects of compaction in altering the forms and availa...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental monitoring and assessment 2020-11, Vol.192 (11), Article 672
Main Authors: de Campos, Allini Klos Rodrigues, Cavalieri-Polizeli, Karina Maria Vieira, Melo, Vander de Freitas
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adsorption
Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution
Availability
Barriers
Bayer process
Bioremediation
Bulk density
Clay
Clay soils
Compacted soils
Compaction
Contamination
Cultivation
Earth and Environmental Science
Ecology
Ecotoxicology
Environment
Environmental Management
Environmental monitoring
Environmental science
Gibbsite
Heavy metals
Hydraulic conductivity
Industrial plants
Kaolinite
Lead
Loam
Loam soils
Manganese
Manganese oxides
Metals in soil
Monitoring/Environmental Analysis
Phytoremediation
Porosity
Sandy loam
Sandy soils
Sediment pollution
Soil
Soil compaction
Soil contamination
Soil investigations
Soil layers
Soil pollution
Soil porosity
Soil profiles
Soil properties
Soil remediation
Soil texture
Texture
Vertical motion
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Summary:The effects of soil compaction on porosity (α), bulk density (ρs), and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) can create a physical barrier in the soil, reducing the vertical movement of toxic elements in the soil profile. However, the indirect effects of compaction in altering the forms and availability of heavy metals in soil have not been well-studied. This study examined the influence of compaction on forms of lead (Pb) in soils with contrasting texture. Four levels of compaction were imposed on a sandy loam and a clayey soil, which were artificially contaminated based on their maximum Pb adsorption capacity. Compaction had different effects on Pb forms depending on soil texture. In the sandy loam soil, compaction had a dual beneficial effect in mitigating the impact of Pb contamination, since it decreased Ksat, reducing metal transport to deeper soil layers, and also prevented transformation to more available Pb forms (soluble and exchangeable). Instead, there was an increase in the most environmentally stable forms of Pb (inner sphere adsorption on iron and manganese oxides). In the clayey soil, compaction caused a significant increase in soluble and exchangeable Pb, accompanied by a significant reduction in environmentally stable Pb (inner sphere adsorption on gibbsite and kaolinite). In addition, studies about Pb contents under compacted soil layers should be investigated, mainly in clayey soils with edible crops, and environmental remediation practices that involve the machines traffic (for example, phytoremediation—successive cultivation of Pb-hyperaccumulating plants) should be used with care to minimise the compaction of clayey soils.
ISSN:0167-6369
1573-2959
DOI:10.1007/s10661-020-08648-w