Single- and two-photon recording of holograms at combined cationic and free-radical polymerization photoinitiated by thioxanthenone derivatives

Single- and two-photon holographic recordings were performed in a photopolymer material consisting of two types of monomers: an acrylamide (1,4-bis(acryloyl)piperazine) and an epoxide ((bis(4-oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)phenyl) sulfide). Thus, cationic ring-opening polymerization and free-radical polymerizat...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Polymer journal 2020-11, Vol.52 (11), p.1279-1287
Main Authors: Vasilyev, Evgeny V., Shelkovnikov, Vladimir V., Orlova, Natalia A., Steinberg, Ilya Sh, Loskutov, Vladimir A.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acrylamide
Cationic polymerization
Free radical polymerization
Free radicals
Holography
Luminous intensity
Monomers
Photoinitiators
Photons
Photopolymerization
Photopolymers
Polymerization
Recording
Refractivity
Ring opening polymerization
Thioxanthenone
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Summary:Single- and two-photon holographic recordings were performed in a photopolymer material consisting of two types of monomers: an acrylamide (1,4-bis(acryloyl)piperazine) and an epoxide ((bis(4-oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)phenyl) sulfide). Thus, cationic ring-opening polymerization and free-radical polymerization of the monomers were simultaneously initiated. The arylsulfonium salt (2-(N,N,N-triethylammonium)methyl-9-oxo-10-(4-heptyloxyphenyl)-9H-thioxanthenium dihexafluorophosphate) was chosen as the photoinitiator. Effective photopolymerization conditions were found for both (single- and two-photon) photoinitiation modes depending on the recording light intensity. The concentrations of the components (monomers and photoinitiator) in the photopolymer was optimized, and a refractive index change of as much as 0.0015 was achieved.Single- and two-photon holographic recording was investigated in photopolymer material consisting of two types of monomers: acrylamide (BAP) and epoxy (BOPS). Thus a cationic ring-opening polymerization and free-radical polymerization of monomers were initiated simultaneously. The arylsulfonium salt—cationic derivative of thioxanthenonium (CDTX) was chosen as the photoinitiator. The refractive index change n1 and maximum recording rate (dn1/dt)max of holographic gratings were found in two-photon photoinitiation modes depending on the concentration of BAP (the molar fraction of BAP) in photopolymer composition.
ISSN:0032-3896
1349-0540
DOI:10.1038/s41428-020-0381-2