Prospectives and challenges of wastewater treatment technologies to combat contaminants of emerging concerns

Various anthropogenic activities result in a continuous discharge of contaminants of emerging concerns (CECs) into the natural environs. The remediation of these substances is an emerging concern to safeguard life on earth. The main aim of this research article is to provide a deep imminent into the...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Ecological engineering 2020-06, Vol.152, p.105882, Article 105882
Main Authors: Shah, Aamir Ishaq, Din Dar, Mehraj U., Bhat, Rouf Ahmad, Singh, J.P., Singh, Kuldip, Bhat, Shakeel Ahmad
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Activated carbon
Activated charcoal
Advanced wastewater treatment
Algae
Algal technology
Anthropogenic factors
Aromatic compounds
Biofilters
Charcoal
Chemical oxygen demand
Color removal
Contaminants
Dyes
Efficiency
Energy consumption
Hazardous wastes
Heavy metals
Hydrogels
Membrane bioreactors
Metals
Nanofiltration
Nanotechnology
Nutrients
Oxidation
Ozonation
Ozonization
Pesticide toxicity
Pesticides
Pollutant removal
Pollutants
Remediation
Removal
Toxic substances
Ultraviolet irradiation
Wastewater pollution
Wastewater treatment
Water treatment
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Summary:Various anthropogenic activities result in a continuous discharge of contaminants of emerging concerns (CECs) into the natural environs. The remediation of these substances is an emerging concern to safeguard life on earth. The main aim of this research article is to provide a deep imminent into the available conventional and advanced wastewater treatment processes and to analyze their removal efficiencies, long term application prospects while comparing them technically and economically. Several traditional approaches and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) experimented in the recent past. Ozonation and powdered activated charcoal remove iohexol, iomeprol, and iopromide with an efficiency of >97% and 90% for diatrizoate. Algal technologies have excellent removal efficiency for heavy metals (37–100%) and remove noxious nutrients. AOPs significantly remove hazardous contaminants from wastewaters. Interestingly, engineered biochar cleans heavy metals, toxic dyes, COD, pesticides, and harmful aromatic compounds effectively. Moreover, nanofiltration nowadays considered as the boon for treating the wastewater with a dye removal efficiency achieved to be 98%. The removal efficiencies by exploring AOPs vary 45–100% for specific contaminants but, increase the energy consumption cost by 60–150%. Undoubtedly, AOPs overweighed to conventional remediation technologies for efficiency, but are specific to remove a particular contaminant. Furthermore, based on past research, these techniques appreciably remove one or more kinds of pollutants but are inadequate to remove most of the toxic substances efficiently from wastewater. Therefore, a comprehensive research is required to find an appropriate low cost, ecofriendly, and efficient technology to remediate different kinds of CECs from wastewater.
ISSN:0925-8574
1872-6992
DOI:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2020.105882