Polyanion Sodium Vanadium Phosphate for Next Generation of Sodium‐Ion Batteries—A Review

Polyanion‐type sodium (Na) vanadium phosphate in the form of Na3V2(PO4)3 has demonstrated reasonably high capacity, good rate capability, and excellent cyclability. Two of three Na ions per formula can be deintercalated at a potential 3.4 V versus Na+/Na with oxidation of V3+/4+. In the reversible p...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Advanced functional materials 2020-08, Vol.30 (34), p.n/a
Main Authors: Chen, Gongxuan, Huang, Qing, Wu, Tian, Lu, Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
ceramics
charge transport
Configurations
Crystal structure
Electrochemical analysis
Electronic structure
energy storage
ion transportation
Materials science
Oxidation
Polyelectrolytes
Rechargeable batteries
Sodium
Sodium-ion batteries
Vanadium
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Summary:Polyanion‐type sodium (Na) vanadium phosphate in the form of Na3V2(PO4)3 has demonstrated reasonably high capacity, good rate capability, and excellent cyclability. Two of three Na ions per formula can be deintercalated at a potential 3.4 V versus Na+/Na with oxidation of V3+/4+. In the reversible process, two Na ions intercalate back resulting in a discharge capacity of 117.6 mAh g−1. Further intercalation is possible but at a low potential of 1.4 V versus Na+/Na accompanied by vanadium reduction V3+/2+, leading to a capacity of 60 mAh g−1. Due to its marvelous electrochemical performance, it has attracted a lot of attention since its discovery in the 1990s. To develop truly useable polyanion‐type vanadium phosphate, better understanding of its crystal configuration, sodium ions' transportation, and electronic structure is essential. Therefore, this review only focuses on the inside of crystal configuration and electronic structure of polyanion‐type vanadium phosphate, Na3V2(PO4)3, since there are a few good reviews on various processing technologies. Polyanion sodium vanadium phosphate has been recognized as a potential cathode material for the next generation of sodium‐ion batteries. This article provides a detailed review on the crystallography structure, electronic structure, sodium ion transportation pathway, and intercalation/deintercalation mechanisms. The review also provides different strategies and methodologies to stabilize structure, increase specific energy, and enhance electronic and ionic conductivity.
ISSN:1616-301X
1616-3028
DOI:10.1002/adfm.202001289