Enzyme Mimics for the Catalytic Generation of Nitric Oxide from Endogenous Prodrugs

The highly diverse biological roles of nitric oxide (NO) in both physiological and pathophysiological processes have prompted great interest in the use of NO as a therapeutic agent in various biomedical applications. NO can exert either protective or deleterious effects depending on its concentratio...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) Germany), 2020-07, Vol.16 (27), p.e1907635-n/a
Main Authors: Yang, Tao, Zelikin, Alexander N., Chandrawati, Rona
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Bioconversion
Biomedical materials
Biomimetic Materials - chemistry
Catalysis
catalysts
Chemical compounds
Control stability
Controlled release
Drug Delivery Systems
Drugs
enzyme mimics
Enzymes
Enzymes - chemistry
Humans
Nanotechnology
Nitric oxide
Nitric Oxide - chemistry
Nitric Oxide - metabolism
nitric oxide prodrugs
nitrosothiols
Pharmacology
Prodrugs - chemistry
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:The highly diverse biological roles of nitric oxide (NO) in both physiological and pathophysiological processes have prompted great interest in the use of NO as a therapeutic agent in various biomedical applications. NO can exert either protective or deleterious effects depending on its concentration and the location where it is delivered or generated. This double‐edged attribute, together with the short half‐life of NO in biological systems, poses a major challenge to the realization of the full therapeutic potential of this molecule. Controlled release strategies show an admirable degree of precision with regard to the spatiotemporal dosing of NO but are disadvantaged by the finite NO deliverable payload. In turn, enzyme‐prodrug therapy techniques afford enhanced deliverable payload but are troubled by the inherent low stability of natural enzymes, as well as the requirement to control pharmacokinetics for the exogenous prodrugs. The past decade has seen the advent of a new paradigm in controlled delivery of NO, namely localized bioconversion of the endogenous prodrugs of NO, specifically by enzyme mimics. These early developments are presented, successes of this strategy are highlighted, and possible future work on this avenue of research is critically discussed. Nitric oxide (NO) is a potent therapeutic agent with a wide array of biological functions. However, its intrinsic short half‐life in human tissues severely impacts the use of NO in long‐term biomedical applications. The early developments of enzyme mimics to catalytically generate NO from endogenous prodrugs for various biomedical applications are highlighted.
ISSN:1613-6810
1613-6829
DOI:10.1002/smll.201907635