Microstructure and grain growth inhomogeneity in austenitic steel produced by wire-feed electron beam melting: the effect of post-building solid-solution treatment

A billet of an AISI 304-type austenitic stainless steel has been built using a wire-feed electron beam additive manufacturing (EBAM) in a layer-by-layer strategy. A microstructure, grain boundary assemble, phase composition and tensile properties of steel billet have been investigated in as-built sp...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of materials science 2020-08, Vol.55 (22), p.9211-9224
Main Authors: Astafurova, Elena G., Panchenko, Marina Yu, Moskvina, Valentina A., Maier, Galina G., Astafurov, Sergey V., Melnikov, Evgeny V., Fortuna, Anastasia S., Reunova, Kseniya A., Rubtsov, Valery E., Kolubaev, Evgeny A.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
3D printing
Additive manufacturing
Anisotropy
Austenite
Austenitic stainless steels
Characterization and Evaluation of Materials
Chemistry and Materials Science
Classical Mechanics
Columnar structure
Costs (Law)
Crystallography and Scattering Methods
Delta ferrite
Dendritic structure
Electron beam melting
Grain boundaries
Grain growth
Inhomogeneity
Interface Science
Iron compounds
Materials Science
Mechanical properties
Microstructure
Morphology
Phase boundaries
Phase composition
Polymer Sciences
Solid Mechanics
Solid solutions
Solution heat treatment
Stainless steel
Tensile properties
Wire
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Summary:A billet of an AISI 304-type austenitic stainless steel has been built using a wire-feed electron beam additive manufacturing (EBAM) in a layer-by-layer strategy. A microstructure, grain boundary assemble, phase composition and tensile properties of steel billet have been investigated in as-built specimens and after post-built solid-solution treatment. As-built austenitic stainless steel is a highly anisotropic heterophase material with high fraction of interphase boundaries (austenite/ferrite) and intergranular boundaries (austenite/austenite). A macroscopically inhomogeneous (layered) structure with columnar austenitic grain growth has been produced during EBAM processing. The coarse-grained austenitic structure contains δ-ferrite of dendritic morphology in as-built specimens. Ductility and strength properties of the additively manufactured steel show substantial anisotropy, which is strongly correlated with macro- and microstructural peculiarities of the as-built billet. Post-built solid-solution treatment decreases a volume fraction of ferrite in the microstructure, changes the morphology of ferrite phase and, therefore, varies the distribution of interphase boundaries (ferrite/austenite). The effect of post-built solid-solution treatment on tensile properties of the EBAM manufactured steel is discussed taking into account a change in microstructure and phase composition, grain and phase boundary distribution in the specimens.
ISSN:0022-2461
1573-4803
DOI:10.1007/s10853-020-04424-w