New and Emerging Therapies for Pediatric Atopic Dermatitis

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by pruritus, inflammatory erythematous skin lesions, and skin-barrier defect. Current mainstay treatments of emollients, steroids, calcineurin inhibitors, and immunosuppressants have limited efficacy and potentially serious...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Paediatric drugs 2019-08, Vol.21 (4), p.239-260
Main Authors: Nguyen, Henry L., Anderson, Katelyn R., Tollefson, Megha M.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Atopic dermatitis
Children
Clinical trials
Cytokines
Dermatitis
Dermatologic agents
Dermatology
Diseases
Drug therapy
Eczema
FDA approval
Formulae, receipts, prescriptions
Immune system
Internal Medicine
Leading Article
Licensing, certification and accreditation
Light therapy
Lymphoma
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Monoclonal antibodies
Pathogenesis
Pediatric research
Pediatrics
Pharmacotherapy
Pruritus
Signal transduction
Skin
Skin diseases
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Description
Summary:Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by pruritus, inflammatory erythematous skin lesions, and skin-barrier defect. Current mainstay treatments of emollients, steroids, calcineurin inhibitors, and immunosuppressants have limited efficacy and potentially serious side effects. Recent advances and understanding of the pathogenesis of AD have resulted in new therapies that target specific pathways with increased efficacy and the potential for less systemic side effects. New FDA-approved therapies for AD are crisaborole and dupilumab. The JAK-STAT inhibitors (baricitinib, upadacitinib, PF-04965842, ASN002, tofacitinib, ruxolitinib, and delgocitinib) have the most promising results of the emerging therapies. Other drugs with potential include the aryl hydrocarbon receptor modulating agent tapinarof, the IL-4/IL-13 antagonists lebrikizumab and tralokinumab, and the IL-31Rα antagonist nemolizumab. In this review, new and emerging AD therapies will be discussed along with their mechanisms of action and their potential based on clinical study data.
ISSN:1174-5878
1179-2019
DOI:10.1007/s40272-019-00342-w