Evaluate the exposure of toxic metals via drinking water and smoking nonbranded cigarette in malnourished women by modified single/two-step cloud point extraction

Presently, the exposure of heavy metals (cadmium and lead) was determined in biological sample (serum) of women (pregnant and nonpregnant) who belong to low socioeconomic group (malnutrition). The cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) were determined in drinking water and locally produced cigarette (bidi), smo...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental science and pollution research international 2020-05, Vol.27 (13), p.14543-14552
Main Authors: Kazi, Tasneem Gul, Afridi, Hassan Imran, Korejo, Faiza Ali, Akhtar, Asma, Baig, Jameel Ahmed
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aquatic Pollution
Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution
Atomic absorption analysis
Atomic absorption spectroscopy
Cadmium
Cigarettes
Drinking behavior
Drinking water
Earth and Environmental Science
Ecotoxicology
Environment
Environmental Chemistry
Environmental Health
Environmental science
Exposure
Groundwater
Groundwater data
Heavy metals
Hydrophobicity
Lead
Malnutrition
Metal concentrations
Naphthol
Pregnancy
Pyridylazonaphthol
Reagents
Reference materials
Research Article
Smoking
Spectral analysis
Spectrometry
Tobacco
Waste Water Technology
Water Management
Water Pollution Control
Water sampling
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Summary:Presently, the exposure of heavy metals (cadmium and lead) was determined in biological sample (serum) of women (pregnant and nonpregnant) who belong to low socioeconomic group (malnutrition). The cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) were determined in drinking water and locally produced cigarette (bidi), smoking by women of childbearing age. The preconcentration of heavy metals in serum, water, and tobacco of bidi were carried out by cloud point extraction at single and two-step methods before determination by atomic absorption spectrometry with flame mode. The Cd and Pb in the water- and acid-digested serum and tobacco samples were treated with a complexing reagent 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol (PAN). The hydrophobic complex of Cd and Pb was entrapped in Triton X-114. For the first step, the entrapped analytes in Triton X-114 was diluted with alcoholic acid (0.2 mol/L of HNO 3 ) and subjected to FAAS, whereas for the second step of CPE, the surfactant-rich analyte was subjected to the second round of enrichment method. Lastly, the analyte was back-extracted in acidic solution (0.2 mol/L) and analyzed by FAAS. The all significant variable was optimized for optimal recovery of Cd and Pb. The recommended single/two-step cloud point extraction method was validated by simultaneously evaluated matrices matched certified reference materials of water, serum, and tobacco. The resulted data indicated that the groundwater samples contained elevated concentrations of Cd and Pb than recommended values for drinking water by WHO, while the contents of Cd and Pb were observed about two-fold higher in nonbranded cigarette (bidi) than branded cigarette. It was observed that there were about 3 to 4 times higher concentrations of both toxic metals in blood serum of smoker malnourished women group than in referent nonsmoker women. Graphical abstract
ISSN:0944-1344
1614-7499
DOI:10.1007/s11356-020-07897-z