Rapid and strong population genetic differentiation and genomic signatures of climatic adaptation in an invasive mealybug

Aim A growing number of studies suggest that adaptation of invasive species plays key roles in their successful establishment in novel environments. However, adaptation of invasive species to climatic conditions remains poorly characterized. This study aimed to understand the population genetic stru...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Diversity & distributions 2020-05, Vol.26 (5), p.610-622
Main Authors: Ma, Ling, Cao, Li-Jun, Hoffmann, Ary A., Gong, Ya-Jun, Chen, Jin-Cui, Chen, Hong-Song, Wang, Xu-Bo, Zeng, Ai-Ping, Wei, Shu-Jun, Zhou, Zhong-Shi
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adaptation
BIODIVERSITY RESEARCH
Climate adaptation
Climate change
Climatic conditions
Cotton
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Differentiation
Dispersal
DNA
Environmental organizations
Enzymes
Evolution
Exports
Gene flow
Genetic analysis
Genetic diversity
Genetic structure
Genetic variance
Genomes
Humidity
Identification methods
insects
Introduced species
Invasive insects
Invasive species
Leaves
Microsatellites
Mitochondria
Mitochondrial DNA
Nonnative species
phylogeography
Population
Population genetics
Population structure
Populations
Range extension
Single-nucleotide polymorphism
Species diversity
Temperature
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Summary:Aim A growing number of studies suggest that adaptation of invasive species plays key roles in their successful establishment in novel environments. However, adaptation of invasive species to climatic conditions remains poorly characterized. This study aimed to understand the population genetic structure produced by the cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis invasion and to identify preliminary signals of selection during its range expansion. Location China. Methods We examined genetic structure of 11 populations across China using SNPs, microsatellites and a segment of mitochondrial cox1 gene. ADMIXTURE, STRUCTURE and DAPC were used to infer population genetic structure; the dispersal routes were reconstructed by the DIYABC; SNPs potentially related to climate adaptation were identified by using four populations differentiation methods and three environmental association methods. Results Strong genetic differentiation was found among populations with FST values ranging from 0.097 to 0.640 based on SNPs. Populations located at the northern expansion edge exhibited the highest genetic differentiation and the lowest genetic diversity. Demographic analyses indicated that all populations were introduced from a single source population with small effective size and low recent gene flow. RDA analysis showed that climatic variables explained a higher proportion of genetic variance (43%) compared to population structure variables (15%). The top climatic variables associated with genetic differentiation were precipitation of the mean temperature of warmest quarter, mean temperature of driest quarter and isothermality. Genes related to climate candidate SNPs were mainly enriched to pathways of development, energy and xenobiotic metabolisms. Main conclusions We found that extremely rapid and strong population genetic differentiation among populations appears to have developed after introduction in the cotton mealybug. Our study points to rapid neutral evolution and suggests possible climatic adaptation despite low genetic diversity in this invasive species.
ISSN:1366-9516
1472-4642
DOI:10.1111/ddi.13053