The cancer exosomes: Clinical implications, applications and challenges

The exosome is a small functional vesicle enriched in selected proteins, lipids and nucleic acids, displaying distinct molecular heterogeneity. Exosomes released can transform the extracellular matrix microenvironments, transmit signals and molecules to recipient cells and trigger changes in their p...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of cancer 2020-06, Vol.146 (11), p.2946-2959
Main Authors: Tang, Zhenye, Li, Dongpei, Hou, Shengping, Zhu, Xiao
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biofilms
biomarkers
Biomarkers, Tumor - metabolism
Cancer
cancer exosomes
cancer metastasis
Cell Communication - physiology
challenges
drug carriers
Drug Resistance, Neoplasm - physiology
Exosomes
Exosomes - metabolism
Extracellular matrix
Extracellular Matrix - metabolism
Fibrosis
Humans
Immunosuppression
isolation
Lipids
Medical research
Metastases
Metastasis
Microenvironments
MicroRNAs - genetics
Neoplasms - pathology
Phenotypes
RNA, Long Noncoding - genetics
Signal Transduction - physiology
therapeutic agents
Tumor cells
Tumor Escape - immunology
Tumor Microenvironment - immunology
Tumor Microenvironment - physiology
Tumors
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Summary:The exosome is a small functional vesicle enriched in selected proteins, lipids and nucleic acids, displaying distinct molecular heterogeneity. Exosomes released can transform the extracellular matrix microenvironments, transmit signals and molecules to recipient cells and trigger changes in their pathophysiological functions. Tumor‐derived exosomes mediate the interactions of tumor cells and microenvironment significantly, and they stimulate tumor growth and development through specific signaling pathways related to metastasis, therapeutic resistance and immunosuppression. Exosome biogenesis from tumors often represents abundant biological information, and novel and efficient isolation and detection methods of exosomes provide a promising approach for tumor diagnosis and prognosis estimation. Moreover, exosome can even be developed as therapeutic agents for multiple disease models based on effective material transport characteristics and biofilm specificity. This review reports the clinical implications and challenges of exosomes in cancer progression, therapy resistance, metastasis and immune escape, and underlying cancerogenic pathological phenotypes including fibrosis and viral infection.
ISSN:0020-7136
1097-0215
DOI:10.1002/ijc.32762