Does postactivation potentiation (PAP) increase voluntary performance?

The transient increase in torque of an electrically evoked twitch following a voluntary contraction is called postactivation potentiation (PAP). Phosphorylation of myosin regulatory light chains is the most accepted mechanism explaining the enhanced electrically evoked twitch torque. While many auth...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism nutrition, and metabolism, 2020-04, Vol.45 (4), p.349-356
Main Authors: Zimmermann, Haiko Bruno, MacIntosh, Brian R, Dal Pupo, Juliano
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
athlete training
Athletic Performance - physiology
conditioning contraction
contraction
contraction de conditionnement
Electric Stimulation
Electricity
entraînement des athlètes
Exercise
fonction des muscles squelettiques
Humans
Muscle Contraction - physiology
Muscle proteins
Muscle, Skeletal - physiology
Muscles
Myosin
Performance evaluation
performance sportive
Phosphorylation
Physiology
skeletal muscle function
sports performance
sprint running
sprint à la course
twitch
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Summary:The transient increase in torque of an electrically evoked twitch following a voluntary contraction is called postactivation potentiation (PAP). Phosphorylation of myosin regulatory light chains is the most accepted mechanism explaining the enhanced electrically evoked twitch torque. While many authors attribute voluntary postactivation performance enhancement (PAPE) to the positive effects of PAP, few actually confirmed that contraction was indeed potentiated using electrical stimulation (twitch response) at the time that PAPE was measured. Thus, this review aims to investigate if increases in voluntary performance after a conditioning contraction (CC) are related to the PAP phenomenon. For this, studies that confirmed the presence of PAP through an evoked response after a voluntary CC and concurrently evaluated PAPE were reviewed. Some studies reported increases in PAPE when PAP reaches extremely high values. However, PAPE has also been reported when PAP was not present, and unchanged/diminished performance has been identified when PAP was present. This range of observations demonstrates that mechanisms of PAPE are different from mechanisms of PAP. These mechanisms of PAPE still need to be understood and those studying PAPE should not assume that regulatory light chain phosphorylation is the mechanism for such enhanced voluntary performance. Novelty The occurrence of PAP does not necessarily mean that the voluntary performance will be improved. Improvement in voluntary performance is sometimes observed when the PAP level reaches extremely high values. Other mechanisms may be more relevant than that for PAP in the manifestation of acute increases in performance following a conditioning contraction.
ISSN:1715-5312
1715-5320
DOI:10.1139/apnm-2019-0406