Environmental Levels, Sources, and Cancer Risk Assessment of PAHs Associated with PM2.5 and TSP in Monterrey Metropolitan Area

In this work, the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in total suspended particles and particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 µm (PM 2.5 ) was analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. In addition, a sequential chemical analysis of C-rich particles was perfor...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 2020-04, Vol.78 (3), p.377-391
Main Authors: Longoria-Rodríguez, Francisco E., González, Lucy T., Mendoza, Alberto, Leyva-Porras, Cesar, Arizpe-Zapata, Alejandro, Esneider-Alcalá, Miguel, Acuña-Askar, Karim, Gaspar-Ramirez, Octavio, López-Ayala, Olivia, Alfaro-Barbosa, Juan M., Kharissova, Oxana V.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Air pollution
Analytical chemistry
Anthracene
Archives & records
Biomass
Biomass burning
Burning
Cancer
Charcoal
Chemical analysis
Chemical composition
Chrysene
Climate change
Correlation analysis
Coupling (molecular)
Diagnostic systems
Earth and Environmental Science
Ecotoxicology
Environment
Environmental Chemistry
Environmental Health
Gas chromatography
Gasoline
Health risks
Industrial plant emissions
Inhalation
Mass spectrometry
Mass spectroscopy
Metropolitan areas
Molecular weight
Monitoring/Environmental Analysis
Morphology
Particulate emissions
Particulate matter
Pollution
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Pyrene
Raman spectroscopy
Respiration
Risk assessment
Scanning electron microscopy
Sequential analysis
Soil Science & Conservation
Toxicology
Winter
X-ray scattering
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Summary:In this work, the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in total suspended particles and particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 µm (PM 2.5 ) was analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. In addition, a sequential chemical analysis of C-rich particles was performed through the parallel coupling of micro-Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy with X-ray scattering detection. Samples were collected at four sites in the Monterrey metropolitan area, Mexico. A total of 13 PAHs were quantified; indeno(1,2,3- cd )pyrene, chrysene, and benzo( a )anthracene were the most abundant. The total PAH concentrations at the four sampling sites ranged from 1.34 to 8.76 μg/m 3 . The diagnostic relation of the PAHs indicates that these compounds were emitted by the burning of gasoline and diesel and by the burning of charcoal and biomass. The sequential analysis correlated the morphology and the elemental/molecular composition of the C-rich particles, associated with the PAHs, with their possible emission sources. The estimated lifetime excess cancer risk for inhalation was higher than that established by the World Health Organization, which clearly makes this a potential health risk for the population.
ISSN:0090-4341
1432-0703
DOI:10.1007/s00244-019-00701-1