A “Thermodynamic” Model of Central Commands Coming to the Muscles during Upper Limb Movements

A model of central commands (CCs) coming to the muscles during limb movements is proposed; it is based on experimental studies of the nonlinear dynamics of muscle contraction and of the parafrontal two-joint arm movements in humans. It is known that such CCs possess powerful hysteresis properties; l...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Neurophysiology (New York) 2019-09, Vol.51 (5), p.358-372
Main Author: Kostyukov, A. I.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Analysis
Arm
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Electromyography
Hysteresis
Magnetic properties
Muscle contraction
Neurosciences
Nonlinear systems
Thermodynamics
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Summary:A model of central commands (CCs) coming to the muscles during limb movements is proposed; it is based on experimental studies of the nonlinear dynamics of muscle contraction and of the parafrontal two-joint arm movements in humans. It is known that such CCs possess powerful hysteresis properties; levels of muscle activation rise within parts of the movement trajectories, where the muscles are actively shortened and overcome the action of an external force, but decrease during muscle stretching by the above force. Basing on an analogy with the classic thermodynamics, a “thermodynamic” model (T-model) is proposed, which allows one to predict the nonlinear functional interdependence of three basic parameters defining the muscle state, namely E (intensity of efferent activity), F (muscle force), and L (muscle length). The T-model includes the time-dependent integration of the equations defining the interrelations between infinitesimal changes of the above parameters, which are assumed to be the exact differentials . By inducing only one additional parameter, the hysteresis weight , the T-model can satisfactorily explain patterns of EMG records observed in real movements of the arm.
ISSN:0090-2977
1573-9007
DOI:10.1007/s11062-020-09830-z