The toxic effects of Fluorene‐9‐bisphenol on porcine oocyte in vitro maturation

Fluorene‐9‐bisphenol (9,9‐bis(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐fluorene [BHPF]) is a bisphenol A (BPA) substitute used in the production of “BPA‐free” plastics, now has been identified is harmful to living organisms. Our previous study showed that BHPF impaired mouse denuded oocyte in vitro maturation. However, the...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental toxicology 2020-02, Vol.35 (2), p.152-158
Main Authors: Jiao, Xiaofei, Ding, Zhiming, Meng, Fei, Zhang, Xiyu, Wang, Yongsheng, Chen, Fan, Duan, Zequn, Wu, Di, Zhang, Shouxin, Miao, Yiliang, Huo, Lijun
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Apoptosis
Apoptosis - drug effects
Assembly
ATP
Benzhydryl Compounds - toxicity
Bisphenol A
BPA substitutes
Cell culture
Cells
Clouds
Cortex
Distribution
Endocrine Disruptors - toxicity
Extrusion
Female
Fluorene
Fluorene‐9‐bisphenol
Gametocytes
In Vitro Oocyte Maturation Techniques
Maturation
Mice
oocyte maturation
Oocytes
Oocytes - drug effects
Oocytes - growth & development
Oocytes - metabolism
Oocytes - pathology
Oogenesis - drug effects
Phenols
Phenols - toxicity
pig
Polymers
Reactive oxygen species
Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism
Swine
toxic effects
Toxicity
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Summary:Fluorene‐9‐bisphenol (9,9‐bis(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐fluorene [BHPF]) is a bisphenol A (BPA) substitute used in the production of “BPA‐free” plastics, now has been identified is harmful to living organisms. Our previous study showed that BHPF impaired mouse denuded oocyte in vitro maturation. However, there is a question that whether BHPF is still able to affect oocyte maturation in the presence of dense cumulus cells. In the present study, we checked the toxic effects of BHPF on porcine oocyte maturation which is derived from COCs in vitro culture. Our results showed that BHPF (50 μM) inhibited the expansion of cumulus cells, led to a significant decrease in polar body extrusion (PBE). Importantly, BHPF resulted in abnormal spindle assembly, ATP level decrease, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and early apoptosis in porcine oocytes, which are all negative to oocyte maturation. Furthermore, BHPF also declined porcine oocyte quality by disturbing the cortical granules (CGs) distribution. In conclusion, our study showed that BHPF still inhibited oocyte maturation even in the presence of cumulus cells leading to abnormal spindle assembly, ATP decrease, increased ROS level, early apoptosis, and disturbed CGs distribution in porcine oocytes, and also indicates that BHPF has a wide range toxic effects on oocyte in different species.
ISSN:1520-4081
1522-7278
DOI:10.1002/tox.22851