Metal and metal-oxide nanozymes: bioenzymatic characteristics, catalytic mechanism, and eco-environmental applications

Phenolic contaminants (R-OH) are a category of highly toxic organic compounds that are widespread in aquatic ecosystems and can induce carcinogenic risk to wildlife and humans; natural enzymes as green catalysts are capable of step-polymerizing these compounds to produce diverse macromolecular self-...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nanoscale 2019-08, Vol.11 (34), p.15783-15793
Main Authors: Chen, Wenjun, Li, Shunyao, Wang, Jun, Sun, Kai, Si, Youbin
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aquatic ecosystems
Benzoates - chemistry
Bioavailability
Biomimetic Materials
Carcinogens
Catalysis
Contaminants
Coupling (molecular)
Deactivation
Ecosystem
Environmental Pollutants - chemistry
Enzymes
Humans
Metal oxides
Metals - chemistry
Nanomaterials
Nanostructures - chemistry
Organic compounds
Oxides - chemistry
Oxidoreductases - chemistry
Restoration
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Summary:Phenolic contaminants (R-OH) are a category of highly toxic organic compounds that are widespread in aquatic ecosystems and can induce carcinogenic risk to wildlife and humans; natural enzymes as green catalysts are capable of step-polymerizing these compounds to produce diverse macromolecular self-coupling products via radical-mediated C-C and C-O-C bonding at either the ortho - or para -carbon position, thereby evading the bioavailability and ecotoxicity of these compounds. Intriguingly, certain artificial metal and metal-oxide nanomaterials are known as nanozymes. They not only possess the unique properties of nanomaterials but also display intrinsic enzyme-mimicking activities. These artificial nanozymes are expected to surmount the shortcomings, such as low stability, easy inactivation, difficult recycling, and high cost, of natural enzymes, thus contributing to eco-environmental restoration. This review highlights the available studies on the enzymatic characteristics and catalytic mechanisms of natural enzymes and artificial metal and metal-oxide nanozymes in the removal and transformation of R-OH. These advances will provide key research directions beneficial to the multifunctional applications of artificial nanozymes in aquatic ecosystems. This review highlights the available studies on the enzymatic characteristics and catalytic mechanisms of natural enzymes and artificial metal and metal-oxide nanozymes in the removal and transformation of phenolic contaminants.
ISSN:2040-3364
2040-3372
DOI:10.1039/c9nr04771a