Thermalization of an Oscillating Bose Condensate in a Disordered Trap

Previously, we numerically showed that thermalization can occur in an oscillating Bose–Einstein condensate with a disordered harmonic trap when the healing length ξ of the condensate is shorter than the correlation length σ D of the Gaussian disorder [see, for example, the experiment reported in Dri...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of low temperature physics 2019-07, Vol.196 (1-2), p.13-20
Main Authors: Hsueh, Che-Hsiu, Tsubota, Makoto, Wu, Wen-Chin
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Anderson localization
Characterization and Evaluation of Materials
Condensates
Condensed Matter Physics
Entropy
Equilibrium
Low temperature physics
Magnetic Materials
Magnetism
Physics
Physics and Astronomy
Quantum theory
Thermalization (energy absorption)
Thermodynamic equilibrium
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Summary:Previously, we numerically showed that thermalization can occur in an oscillating Bose–Einstein condensate with a disordered harmonic trap when the healing length ξ of the condensate is shorter than the correlation length σ D of the Gaussian disorder [see, for example, the experiment reported in Dries et al. (Phys Rev A 82:033603, 2010 )]. In this work, we investigate and show that in the ξ > σ D (Anderson localization) regime, the system can also exhibit a relaxation process from nonequilibrium to equilibrium. In such an isolated quantum system, energy and particle number are conserved and the irreversible evolution toward thermodynamic equilibrium is induced by the disorder. The thermodynamic equilibrium is evidenced by the maximized entropy S n k in which the waveaction spectrum n k follows the Rayleigh–Jeans distribution. Besides, unlike a monotonic irreversible process of thermalization to equilibrium, the Fermi–Pasta–Ulam–Tsingou recurrence arises in this system, manifested by the oscillation of the nonequilibrium entropy.
ISSN:0022-2291
1573-7357
DOI:10.1007/s10909-019-02181-y