Effect of exercise intensity and volume on persistence of insulin sensitivity during training cessation

1 Department of Exercise and Sports Science, 2 Human Performance Laboratory, and 3 Diabetes/Obesity Center, East Carolina University, Greenville; and 4 Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine and 5 Duke Center for Living, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina Sub...

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Published in:Journal of applied physiology (1985) 2009-04, Vol.106 (4), p.1079-1085
Main Authors: Bajpeyi, Sudip, Tanner, Charles J, Slentz, Cris A, Duscha, Brian D, McCartney, Jennifer S, Hickner, Robert C, Kraus, William E, Houmard, Joseph A
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Anaerobic Threshold - physiology
Biological and medical sciences
Body Mass Index
Body Weight - physiology
Comparative studies
Dyslipidemias - blood
Dyslipidemias - metabolism
Endocrine system
Exercise
Exercise - physiology
Female
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Glucose Tolerance Test
Glycogen - metabolism
Homeostasis - physiology
Humans
Insulin
Insulin - blood
Insulin Resistance - physiology
Male
Middle Aged
Mitochondria, Muscle - metabolism
Muscle, Skeletal - cytology
Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism
Obesity
Obesity - physiopathology
Oxygen Consumption - physiology
Physical Fitness - physiology
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Summary:1 Department of Exercise and Sports Science, 2 Human Performance Laboratory, and 3 Diabetes/Obesity Center, East Carolina University, Greenville; and 4 Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine and 5 Duke Center for Living, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina Submitted 22 September 2008 ; accepted in final form 29 January 2009 The purpose of this study was to determine whether exercise prescriptions differing in volume or intensity also differ in their ability to retain insulin sensitivity during an ensuing period of training cessation. Sedentary, overweight/obese subjects were assigned to one of three 8-mo exercise programs: 1 ) low volume/moderate intensity [equivalent of 12 miles/wk, 1,200 kcal/wk at 40–55% peak O 2 consumption ( O 2peak ), 200 min exercise/wk], 2 ) low volume/vigorous intensity ( 12 miles/wk, 1,200 kcal/wk at 65–80% O 2peak , 125 min/wk), and 3 ) high volume/vigorous intensity ( 20 miles/wk, 2,000 kcal/wk at 65–80% O 2peak , 200 min/wk). Insulin sensitivity (intravenous glucose tolerance test, S I ) was measured when subjects were sedentary and at 16–24 h and 15 days after the final training bout. S I increased with training compared with the sedentary condition ( P 0.05) at 16–24 h with all of the exercise prescriptions. S I decreased to sedentary, pretraining values after 15 days of training cessation in the low-volume/vigorous-intensity group. In contrast, at 15 days S I was significantly elevated compared with sedentary ( P 0.05) in the prescriptions utilizing 200 min/wk (low volume/moderate intensity, high volume/vigorous intensity). In the high-volume/vigorous-intensity group, indexes of muscle mitochondrial density followed a pattern paralleling insulin action by being elevated at 15 days compared with pretraining; this trend was not evident in the low-volume/moderate-intensity group. These findings suggest that in overweight/obese subjects a relatively chronic persistence of enhanced insulin action may be obtained with endurance-oriented exercise training; this persistence, however, is dependent on the characteristics of the exercise training performed. obesity; physical activity; cardiovascular disease; metabolic syndrome Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: J. A. Houmard, Human Performance Laboratory, Ward Sports Medicine Bldg., East Carolina Univ., Greenville, NC 27858 (e-mail: houmardj{at}ecu.edu )
ISSN:8750-7587
1522-1601
DOI:10.1152/japplphysiol.91262.2008