Effect of cognitive bias modification-memory on depressive symptoms and autobiographical memory bias: two independent studies in high-ruminating and dysphoric samples

Memory bias is a risk factor for depression. In two independent studies, the efficacy of one CBM-Memory session on negative memory bias and depressive symptoms was tested in vulnerable samples. We compared positive to neutral (control) CBM-Memory trainings in highly-ruminating individuals (N = 101)...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cognition and emotion 2019-02, Vol.33 (2), p.288-304
Main Authors: Vrijsen, Janna N., Dainer-Best, Justin, Witcraft, Sara M., Papini, Santiago, Hertel, Paula, Beevers, Christopher G., Becker, Eni S., Smits, Jasper A. J.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Autobiographical memory
Bias
Cognition - physiology
Cognitive ability
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy - methods
Cognitive bias
cognitive bias modification
Cued recall
Cues
depression
Depressive Disorder - psychology
Efficacy
Female
Humans
Independent study
Male
Memory
Memory bias
Memory, Episodic
Mental depression
Mood
Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
Retrieval
Rumination
Rumination, Cognitive - physiology
Students - psychology
Young Adult
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Summary:Memory bias is a risk factor for depression. In two independent studies, the efficacy of one CBM-Memory session on negative memory bias and depressive symptoms was tested in vulnerable samples. We compared positive to neutral (control) CBM-Memory trainings in highly-ruminating individuals (N = 101) and individuals with elevated depressive symptoms (N = 100). In both studies, participants studied positive, neutral, and negative Swahili words paired with their translations. In five study-test blocks, they were then prompted to retrieve either only the positive or neutral translations. Immediately following the training and one week later, we tested cued recall of all translations and autobiographical memory bias; and also measured mood, depressive symptoms, and rumination. Retrieval practice resulted in training-congruent recall both immediately after and one week after the training. Overall, there was no differential decrease in symptoms or difference in autobiographical memory bias between the training conditions. In the dysphoric but not in the high-ruminating sample, the positive training resulted in positive autobiographical bias only in dysphoric individuals with positive pre-existing bias. We conclude that one session of positive retrieval-based CBM-Memory may not be enough to yield symptom change and affect autobiographical memory bias in vulnerable individuals.
ISSN:0269-9931
1464-0600
DOI:10.1080/02699931.2018.1450225