Exosomes: The next generation of endogenous nanomaterials for advanced drug delivery and therapy

[Display omitted] Development of functional nanomaterials is of great importance and significance for advanced drug delivery and therapy. Nevertheless, exogenous nanomaterials have a great ability to induce undesired immune responses and nano-protein interactions, which may result in toxicity and fa...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Acta biomaterialia 2019-03, Vol.86, p.1-14
Main Authors: Liao, Wen, Du, Yu, Zhang, Chenghao, Pan, Fangwei, Yao, Yang, Zhang, Ting, Peng, Qiang
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Cell-cell communication
Disease
Drug delivery
Drug Delivery Systems
Exosomes
Exosomes - metabolism
Functional materials
Humans
Immune response
Immunotherapy
Microvesicles
Molecular Targeted Therapy
Nanomaterials
Nanoparticles
Nanostructures - chemistry
Nanotechnology
Protein interaction
Proteins
Targeted delivery
Targeted therapy
Therapy
Toxicity
Tumor immunity
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Summary:[Display omitted] Development of functional nanomaterials is of great importance and significance for advanced drug delivery and therapy. Nevertheless, exogenous nanomaterials have a great ability to induce undesired immune responses and nano-protein interactions, which may result in toxicity and failure of therapy. Exosomes, a kind of endogenous extracellular vesicle (40–100 nm in diameter), are considered as a new generation of a natural nanoscale delivery system. Exosomes secreted by different types of cells carry different signal molecules (such as RNAs and proteins) and thus have a great potential for targeted drug delivery and therapy. Herein, we provide comprehensive understanding of the properties and applications of exosomes, including their biogenesis, biofunctions, isolation, purification, and drug loading, and typical examples in drug delivery and therapy. Furthermore, their advantages compared to other nanoparticles and potential in tumor immunotherapy are also discussed. Exosomes, a kind of endogenous extracellular vesicle, have emerged as a novel and attractive endogenous nanomaterial for advanced drug delivery and targeted therapy. Exosomes are secreted by many types of cells and carry some unique signals obtained from their parental cells. Furthermore, the liposome-like structure allows exosomes to load various drugs. Hence, the potential of exosomes in drug delivery, tumor targeted therapy, and immunotherapy has been investigated in recent years. On the basis of their endogenous features and multifunctional properties, exosomes are of great significance and interest for the development of future medicine and pharmaceuticals.
ISSN:1742-7061
1878-7568
DOI:10.1016/j.actbio.2018.12.045