Fat-free foods supplemented with soy stanol-lecithin powder reduce cholesterol absorption and LDL cholesterol

Objective: The objective of this work was to show that fat-free, lecithin-formulated soy stanols lower cholesterol absorption and serum LDL cholesterol. Design: Reduction in cholesterol absorption was measured in paired single-meal tests with or without formulated soy stanols (acute test), and chang...

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Published in:Journal of the American Dietetic Association 2003-05, Vol.103 (5), p.577-581
Main Authors: Spilburg, C.A, Goldberg, A.C, McGill, J.B, Stenson, W.F, Racette, S.B, Bateman, J, McPherson, T.B, Ostlund, R.E. Jr
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Anticholesteremic Agents - pharmacology
Anticholesteremic Agents - therapeutic use
Biological and medical sciences
Blood cholesterol
blood lipids
Cholesterol
cholesterol metabolism
Cholesterol, Dietary - pharmacokinetics
Cholesterol, LDL - blood
Deuterium
Diet
Diet therapy
Diet, Fat-Restricted
Double-Blind Method
Female
Food
Food additives
Glycine max
Health aspects
Humans
Hypercholesterolemia - diet therapy
intestinal absorption
Intestinal Absorption - drug effects
Lecithin
low density lipoprotein
Male
Medical sciences
Metabolic diseases
Middle Aged
Nutritional aspects
Obesity
Oils & fats
phosphatidylcholines
Phosphatidylcholines - pharmacology
Phytosterols
plant stanols
Sitosterols - pharmacology
Sitosterols - therapeutic use
soybean products
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Summary:Objective: The objective of this work was to show that fat-free, lecithin-formulated soy stanols lower cholesterol absorption and serum LDL cholesterol. Design: Reduction in cholesterol absorption was measured in paired single-meal tests with or without formulated soy stanols (acute test), and changes in serum lipids were investigated in a 10-week, randomized, double-blind parallel trial in which formulated stanols or lecithin vehicle were given three times daily for the last 4 weeks (chronic test). Subjects/setting: Forty-five normal or mildly hypercholesterolemic subjects were recruited for both studies. The 21 subjects (16 female, 5 male; mean age 32.5 years) in the absorption studies had the following mean lipid values: LDL cholesterol, 2.79 mmol/L and total cholesterol, 4.73 mmol/L. For the lipid reduction, 24 subjects (16 female, 8 male; mean age 50.6 years) were enrolled with mean LDL cholesterol and total cholesterol of 3.72 mmol/L and 5.66 mmol/L, respectively. Intervention Reduction in cholesterol absorption was measured using a lemonade beverage or egg whites that contained 625 mg stanols. Throughout the chronic study, subjects followed the American Heart Association Step I diet. During the 4-week treatment phase, subjects consumed daily a lemonade-flavored beverage containing either placebo or formulated soy stanols (1.9 g). Main outcome measures Inhibition of cholesterol absorption was determined from the difference in plasma deuterated cholesterol enrichment after a test meal containing stanol-lecithin and one with lecithin vehicle only. In the chronic study, the primary endpoints were changes in LDL and total cholesterol. Statistical analyses performed Paired or unpaired t tests were used to determine statistical significance. Results Stanol-lecithin reduced cholesterol absorption by 32.1% (P=.0045, N=10) and by 38.2% (P=.0022, N=11) when delivered in a lemonade-flavored beverage and in egg whites, respectively. Reduction in cholesterol absorption was strongly related to the initial level of absorbed cholesterol tracer in serum (rs= -0.739). Stanol-lecithin given in a beverage reduced total serum cholesterol by 10.1% (P=.0019, N=24) and LDL cholesterol by 14.3% (P=.0016, N=24). Applications/conclusions Powdered soy stanol-lecithin lowers cholesterol absorption and LDL cholesterol when consumed in fat-free foods.
ISSN:0002-8223
2212-2672
1878-3570
2212-2680
DOI:10.1053/jada.2003.50110