A novel, 1 m long multilayer-coated piezo deformable bimorph mirror for focusing high-energy x-rays

The X-ray pair distribution function beamline I15-1 at Diamond Light Source requires optical elements that focus a wiggler X-ray beam of high energy (40-80 keV) and large area (11.0 mm × 4.4 mm) into a small spot (FWHM∼700 µm (h) × 20 µm (v)) at a variable distance between sample and detector. X-ray...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Sutter, John P., Chater, Philip A., Signorato, Riccardo, Keeble, Dean S., Hillman, Michael R., Tucker, Matthew G., Alcock, Simon G., Nistea, Ioana, Wilhelm, Heribert
Format: Conference Proceeding
Language:English
Subjects:
Angle of reflection
Apertures
Boron carbide
Bragg angle
Bragg equation
Critical angle
Deformation
Diamonds
Distribution functions
Formability
Metal coatings
Multilayers
Optical components
Piezoelectric actuators
Piezoelectricity
Silicon substrates
X ray mirrors
X-rays
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Summary:The X-ray pair distribution function beamline I15-1 at Diamond Light Source requires optical elements that focus a wiggler X-ray beam of high energy (40-80 keV) and large area (11.0 mm × 4.4 mm) into a small spot (FWHM∼700 µm (h) × 20 µm (v)) at a variable distance between sample and detector. X-ray lenses do not reach the necessary effective apertures because of absorption and the limits of fabrication technology. The aperture of conventional silicon X-ray mirrors, even with metal coatings, is likewise limited by the shallow critical angle for high-energy X-rays. As a solution, CINEL Strumenti Scientifici delivered the first multilayer-coated bimorph mirror for use at a synchrotron beamline. A silicon substrate was polished by Thales-SESO to have an elliptically curved surface. The mirror was then coated with three multilayer stripes (Ni/B4C, W/B4C, Pt/B4C) of unmatched 1 m length by Rigaku Innovative Technologies. Each stripe’s d-spacing was chosen so that the Bragg angle of its first-order reflection would occur at 4.2 mrad at the center of the mirror. Moreover, each stripe’s d-spacing was graded along the mirror’s length to ensure high reflectivity from the whole stripe. Piezoelectric actuators were then glued to the sides of the coated substrate by Thales-SESO to convert it to a bimorph deformable mirror. This enables the mirror to vary its focusing distance from 3.6 m to 4.8 m, and to compensate for residual long-wavelength slope errors. The mirror’s capability to provide vertical focusing exceeding specifications was demonstrated by ex-situ metrology and in-situ X-ray measurements. Representative results are presented.
ISSN:0094-243X
1551-7616
DOI:10.1063/1.5084568