Mutations in voltage‐gated sodium channels from pyrethroid resistant salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis)

BACKGROUND Parasitic salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) cause high economic losses in Atlantic salmon farming. Pyrethroids, which block arthropod voltage‐gated sodium channels (Nav1), are used for salmon delousing. However, pyrethroid resistance is common in L. salmonis. The present study charact...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Pest management science 2019-02, Vol.75 (2), p.527-536
Main Authors: Carmona‐Antoñanzas, Greta, Helgesen, Kari O, Humble, Joseph L, Tschesche, Claudia, Bakke, Marit J, Gamble, Louise, Bekaert, Michaël, Bassett, David I, Horsberg, Tor E, Bron, James E, Sturm, Armin
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aquaculture
Arthropods
Channels
Crustaceans
Deltamethrin
Domains
Economic impact
Fish
Gene frequency
Genomes
Homology
Lepeophtheirus salmonis
Lice
Mutation
Organic chemistry
Parasite resistance
Parasites
Pyrethroids
resistance
Salmo salar
Salmon
sea lice
Sodium
sodium channel
Sodium channels (voltage-gated)
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Summary:BACKGROUND Parasitic salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) cause high economic losses in Atlantic salmon farming. Pyrethroids, which block arthropod voltage‐gated sodium channels (Nav1), are used for salmon delousing. However, pyrethroid resistance is common in L. salmonis. The present study characterized Nav1 homologues in L. salmonis in order to identify channel mutations associated to resistance, called kdr (knockdown) mutations. RESULTS Genome scans identified three L. salmonis Nav1 homologues, LsNav1.1, LsNav1.2 and LsNav1.3. Arthropod kdr mutations map to specific Nav1 regions within domains DI‐III, namely segments S5 and S6 and the linker helix connecting S4 and S5. The above channel regions were amplified by RT‐PCR and sequenced in deltamethrin‐susceptible and deltamethrin‐resistant L. salmonis. While LsNav1.1 and LsNav1.2 lacked nucleotide polymorphisms showing association to resistance, LsNav1.3 showed a non‐synonymous mutation in S5 of DII occurring in deltamethrin‐resistant parasites. The mutation is homologous to a previously described kdr mutation (I936V, numbering according to Musca domestica Vssc1) and was present in two pyrethroid‐resistant L. salmonis strains (allele frequencies of 0.800 and 0.357), but absent in two pyrethroid‐susceptible strains. CONCLUSIONS The present study indicates that a kdr‐mutation in LsNaV 1.3 may contribute to deltamethrin resistance in L. salmonis. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry Salmon lice were found to possess three voltage‐gated sodium channels (Nav1). Deltamethrin‐resistant lice showed a missense mutation of Nav1.3 homologous to a Nav1 mutation previously linked to pyrethroid‐resistance in insects.
ISSN:1526-498X
1526-4998
DOI:10.1002/ps.5151