Comparative developmental series of the Mexican triurids support a euanthial interpretation for the unusual reproductive axes of Lacandonia schismatica (Triuridaceae)

The enigmatic monocotyledon family Triuridaceae is composed of inconspicuous mycoheterotrophs, that have been variously interpreted. We present here the first report of a thorough floral developmental series for any member of the Triuridaceae. The two known Mexican Triuridaceae species were studied...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:American journal of botany 2006, Vol.93 (1), p.15-35
Main Authors: Ambrose, Barbara A, Espinosa-Matias, Silvia, Vazquez-Santana, Sonia, Vergara-Silva, Francisco, Martinez, Esteban, Marquez-Guzman, Judith, Alvarez-Buylla, Elena R
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Anatomy and Morphology
androecium
Anthers
Botany
Bracts
calyx
Carpels
corolla
dioecy
flower development
flower primordia
flowering
Flowers
Flowers & plants
homeosis
Human organs
Inflorescences
Lacandon Forest (Chiapas, Mexico)
Lacandonia
Lacandonia schismatica
Lacandoniaceae
Liliopsida
mating systems
Meristems
mycoheterotrophs
plant anatomy
plant development
Plant reproduction
Plants
pseudanthia
Stamens
Triuridaceae
Triuris brevistylis
wild plants
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Summary:The enigmatic monocotyledon family Triuridaceae is composed of inconspicuous mycoheterotrophs, that have been variously interpreted. We present here the first report of a thorough floral developmental series for any member of the Triuridaceae. The two known Mexican Triuridaceae species were studied with anatomical sections and scanning electron microscopy. While both species have ephemeral and reduced radially symmetric flowers arising in a counterclockwise spiral on racemose inflorescences, Lacandonia schismatica is hermaphroditic with a central androecium and Triuris brevistylis is dioecious. Tepals are connately fused at their bases, and during development the subapical caudal tips continue to elongate, while at maturity the tepals are reflexed. Carpel primordia develop centrifugally from compound primordia in both species, with contrasting androecium development. In Lacandonia schismatica stamen and carpel primordia arise from a common precursor. The two species differ in tepal and carpel number and timing of organ development. This paper provides a developmental framework to understand floral characters in the Triuridaceae. Notably, we addressed if L. schismatica and T. brevistylis bear true flowers or pseudanthia, and our data support the former. The role of particular genes in determining the floral developmental patterns studied and the evolutionary significance of these patterns are discussed.
ISSN:0002-9122
1537-2197
DOI:10.3732/ajb.93.1.15